/**
 * Instruction scheduler
 *
 * Compiler implementation of the
 * $(LINK2 https://www.dlang.org, D programming language).
 *
 * Copyright:   Copyright (C) 1995-1998 by Symantec
 *              Copyright (C) 2000-2025 by The D Language Foundation, All Rights Reserved
 * Authors:     $(LINK2 https://www.digitalmars.com, Walter Bright)
 * License:     $(LINK2 https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt, Boost License 1.0)
 * Source:      $(LINK2 https://github.com/dlang/dmd/blob/master/compiler/src/dmd/backend/cgsched.d, backend/cgsched.d)
 */

module dmd.backend.cgsched;

import core.stdc.stdio;
import core.stdc.stdlib;
import core.stdc.string;

import dmd.backend.cc;
import dmd.backend.cdef;
import dmd.backend.cgen : gen1, gen2;
import dmd.backend.code;
import dmd.backend.x86.code_x86;
import dmd.backend.dlist;
import dmd.backend.global;
import dmd.backend.mem;
import dmd.backend.ty;
import dmd.backend.barray;


nothrow:
@safe:

// is32bitaddr works correctly only when x is 0 or 1.  This is
// true today for the current definition of I32, but if the definition
// of I32 changes, this macro will need to change as well
//
// Note: even for linux targets, CFaddrsize can be set by the inline
// assembler.
private bool is32bitaddr(bool x, uint Iflags) { return I64 || (x ^ ((Iflags & CFaddrsize) != 0)); }

// If we use Pentium Pro scheduler
@trusted
private bool PRO() { return config.target_cpu >= TARGET_PentiumPro; }

private enum FP : ubyte
{
    none = 0,
    fstp = 1,       /// FSTP mem
    fld  = 2,       /// FLD mem
    fop  = 3,       /// Fop ST0,mem or Fop ST0
}

private enum CIFL : ubyte
{
    arraybounds = 1,     /// this instruction is a jmp to array bounds
    ea          = 2,     /// this instruction has a memory-referencing
                             /// modregrm EA byte
    nostage     = 4,     /// don't stage these instructions
    push        = 8,     /// it's a push we can swap around
}

// Struct where we gather information about an instruction
struct Cinfo
{
    code* c;            // the instruction
    ubyte pair;         // pairing information
    ubyte sz;           // operand size
    ubyte isz;          // instruction size

    // For floating point scheduling
    ubyte fxch_pre;
    ubyte fxch_post;
    FP fp_op;           /// FPxxxx

    ubyte flags;         /// CIFLxxx

    uint r;             // read mask
    uint w;             // write mask
    uint a;             // registers used in addressing mode
    ubyte reg;          // reg field of modregrm byte
    ubyte uops;         // Pentium Pro micro-ops
    uint sibmodrm;      // (sib << 8) + mod__rm byte
    uint spadjust;      // if !=0, then amount ESP changes as a result of this
                        // instruction being executed
    int fpuadjust;      // if !=0, then amount FPU stack changes as a result
                        // of this instruction being executed

    @trusted
    nothrow void print()        // pretty-printer
    {
        Cinfo* ci = &this;

        if (ci == null)
        {
            printf("Cinfo 0\n");
            return;
        }

        printf("Cinfo %p:  c %p, pair %x, sz %d, isz %d, flags - ",
               ci,c,pair,sz,isz);
        if (ci.flags & CIFL.arraybounds)
            printf("arraybounds,");
        if (ci.flags & CIFL.ea)
            printf("ea,");
        if (ci.flags & CIFL.nostage)
            printf("nostage,");
        if (ci.flags & CIFL.push)
            printf("push,");
        if (ci.flags & ~(CIFL.arraybounds|CIFL.nostage|CIFL.push|CIFL.ea))
            printf("bad flag,");
        printf("\n\tr %x w %x a %x reg %x uops %x sibmodrm %x spadjust %d\n",
                cast(int)r,cast(int)w,cast(int)a,reg,uops,sibmodrm,cast(int)spadjust);
        if (ci.fp_op)
        {
            __gshared const(char*)[3] fpops = ["fstp","fld","fop"];

            printf("\tfp_op %s, fxch_pre %x, fxch_post %x\n",
                    fpops[fp_op-1],fxch_pre,fxch_post);
        }
    }

}


/*****************************************
 * Do Pentium optimizations.
 * Input:
 *      scratch         scratch registers we can use
 */

@trusted
private void cgsched_pentium(code** pc,regm_t scratch)
{
    //printf("scratch = x%02x\n",scratch);
    if (config.target_scheduler >= TARGET_80486)
    {
        if (!I64)
            *pc = peephole(*pc,0);
        if (I32)                        // forget about 16 bit code
        {
            if (config.target_cpu == TARGET_Pentium ||
                config.target_cpu == TARGET_PentiumMMX)
                *pc = simpleops(*pc,scratch);
            *pc = schedule(*pc,0);
        }
    }
}

/************************************
 * Entry point
 */
@trusted
public void cgsched_block(block* b)
{
    if (config.flags4 & CFG4speed &&
        config.target_cpu >= TARGET_Pentium &&
        b.bc != BC.asm_)
    {
        regm_t scratch = cgstate.allregs;

        scratch &= ~(b.Bregcon.used | b.Bregcon.params | cgstate.mfuncreg);
        scratch &= ~(b.Bregcon.immed.mval | b.Bregcon.cse.mval);
        cgsched_pentium(&b.Bcode,scratch);
        //printf("after schedule:\n"); WRcodlst(b.Bcode);
    }
}

enum
{
    NP    = 0,       /// not pairable
    PU    = 1,       /// pairable in U only, never executed in V
    PV    = 2,       /// pairable in V only
    UV    = (PU|PV), /// pairable in both U and V
    PE    = 4,       /// register contention exception
    PF    = 8,       /// flags contention exception
    FX    = 0x10,    /// pairable with FXCH instruction
}

extern (D) private immutable ubyte[256] pentcycl =
[
        UV,UV,UV,UV,    UV,UV,NP,NP,    // 0
        UV,UV,UV,UV,    UV,UV,NP,NP,    // 8
        PU,PU,PU,PU,    PU,PU,NP,NP,    // 10
        PU,PU,PU,PU,    PU,PU,NP,NP,    // 18
        UV,UV,UV,UV,    UV,UV,NP,NP,    // 20
        UV,UV,UV,UV,    UV,UV,NP,NP,    // 28
        UV,UV,UV,UV,    UV,UV,NP,NP,    // 30
        UV,UV,UV,UV,    UV,UV,NP,NP,    // 38

        UV,UV,UV,UV,    UV,UV,UV,UV,    // 40
        UV,UV,UV,UV,    UV,UV,UV,UV,    // 48
        PE|UV,PE|UV,PE|UV,PE|UV,        PE|UV,PE|UV,PE|UV,PE|UV, // 50  PUSH reg
        PE|UV,PE|UV,PE|UV,PE|UV,        PE|UV,PE|UV,PE|UV,PE|UV, // 58  POP reg
        NP,NP,NP,NP,    NP,NP,NP,NP,    // 60
        PE|UV,NP,PE|UV,NP,      NP,NP,NP,NP,    // 68
        PV|PF,PV|PF,PV|PF,PV|PF,        PV|PF,PV|PF,PV|PF,PV|PF,        // 70   Jcc rel8
        PV|PF,PV|PF,PV|PF,PV|PF,        PV|PF,PV|PF,PV|PF,PV|PF,        // 78   Jcc rel8

        NP,NP,NP,NP,    NP,NP,NP,NP,    // 80
        UV,UV,UV,UV,    NP,UV,NP,NP,    // 88
        NP,NP,NP,NP,    NP,NP,NP,NP,    // 90
        NP,NP,NP,NP,    NP,NP,NP,NP,    // 98
        UV,UV,UV,UV,    NP,NP,NP,NP,    // A0
        UV,UV,NP,NP,    NP,NP,NP,NP,    // A8
        UV,UV,UV,UV,    UV,UV,UV,UV,    // B0
        UV,UV,UV,UV,    UV,UV,UV,UV,    // B8

        NP,NP,NP,NP,    NP,NP,NP,NP,    // C0
        NP,NP,NP,NP,    NP,NP,NP,NP,    // C8
        PU,PU,NP,NP,    NP,NP,NP,NP,    // D0
        FX,NP,FX,FX,    NP,NP,FX,NP,    // D8   all floating point
        NP,NP,NP,NP,    NP,NP,NP,NP,    // E0
        PE|PV,PV,NP,PV, NP,NP,NP,NP,    // E8
        NP,NP,NP,NP,    NP,NP,NP,NP,    // F0
        NP,NP,NP,NP,    NP,NP,NP,NP,    // F8
];

/********************************************
 * For each opcode, determine read [0] and written [1] masks.
 */

enum
{
    EA    = 0x100000,
    R     = 0x200000,       /// register (reg of modregrm field)
    N     = 0x400000,       /// other things modified, not swappable
    B     = 0x800000,       /// it's a byte operation
    C     = 0x1000000,      /// floating point flags
    mMEM  = 0x2000000,      /// memory
    S     = 0x4000000,      /// floating point stack
    F     = 0x8000000,      /// flags
}

extern (D) private immutable uint[2][256] oprw =
[
      // 00
      [ EA|R|B, F|EA|B ],       // ADD
      [ EA|R,   F|EA   ],
      [ EA|R|B, F|R|B  ],
      [ EA|R,   F|R    ],
      [ mAX,    F|mAX  ],
      [ mAX,    F|mAX  ],
      [ N,      N      ],       // PUSH ES
      [ N,      N      ],       // POP  ES

      // 08
      [ EA|R|B, F|EA|B ],       // OR
      [ EA|R,   F|EA   ],
      [ EA|R|B, F|R|B  ],
      [ EA|R,   F|R    ],
      [ mAX,    F|mAX  ],
      [ mAX,    F|mAX  ],
      [ N,      N      ],       // PUSH CS
      [ N,      N      ],       // 2 byte escape

      // 10
      [ F|EA|R|B,F|EA|B ],      // ADC
      [ F|EA|R, F|EA    ],
      [ F|EA|R|B,F|R|B  ],
      [ F|EA|R, F|R     ],
      [ F|mAX,  F|mAX   ],
      [ F|mAX,  F|mAX   ],
      [ N,      N       ],      // PUSH SS
      [ N,      N       ],      // POP  SS

      // 18
      [ F|EA|R|B,F|EA|B ],      // SBB
      [ F|EA|R, F|EA    ],
      [ F|EA|R|B,F|R|B  ],
      [ F|EA|R, F|R     ],
      [ F|mAX,  F|mAX   ],
      [ F|mAX,  F|mAX   ],
      [ N,      N       ],      // PUSH DS
      [ N,      N       ],      // POP  DS

      // 20
      [ EA|R|B, F|EA|B ],       // AND
      [ EA|R,   F|EA   ],
      [ EA|R|B, F|R|B  ],
      [ EA|R,   F|R    ],
      [ mAX,    F|mAX  ],
      [ mAX,    F|mAX  ],
      [ N,      N      ],       // SEG ES
      [ F|mAX,  F|mAX  ],       // DAA

      // 28
      [ EA|R|B, F|EA|B ],       // SUB
      [ EA|R,   F|EA   ],
      [ EA|R|B, F|R|B  ],
      [ EA|R,   F|R    ],
      [ mAX,    F|mAX  ],
      [ mAX,    F|mAX  ],
      [ N,      N      ],       // SEG CS
      [ F|mAX,  F|mAX  ],       // DAS

      // 30
      [ EA|R|B, F|EA|B ],       // XOR
      [ EA|R,   F|EA   ],
      [ EA|R|B, F|R|B  ],
      [ EA|R,   F|R    ],
      [ mAX,    F|mAX  ],
      [ mAX,    F|mAX  ],
      [ N,      N      ],       // SEG SS
      [ F|mAX,  F|mAX  ],       // AAA

      // 38
      [ EA|R|B, F ],            // CMP
      [ EA|R,   F ],
      [ EA|R|B, F ],
      [ EA|R,   F ],
      [ mAX,    F ],            // CMP AL,imm8
      [ mAX,    F ],            // CMP EAX,imm16/32
      [ N,      N ],            // SEG DS
      [ N,      N ],            // AAS

      // 40
      [ mAX,    F|mAX ],        // INC EAX
      [ mCX,    F|mCX ],
      [ mDX,    F|mDX ],
      [ mBX,    F|mBX ],
      [ mSP,    F|mSP ],
      [ mBP,    F|mBP ],
      [ mSI,    F|mSI ],
      [ mDI,    F|mDI ],

      // 48
      [ mAX,    F|mAX ],        // DEC EAX
      [ mCX,    F|mCX ],
      [ mDX,    F|mDX ],
      [ mBX,    F|mBX ],
      [ mSP,    F|mSP ],
      [ mBP,    F|mBP ],
      [ mSI,    F|mSI ],
      [ mDI,    F|mDI ],

      // 50
      [ mAX|mSP,        mSP|mMEM ],             // PUSH EAX
      [ mCX|mSP,        mSP|mMEM ],
      [ mDX|mSP,        mSP|mMEM ],
      [ mBX|mSP,        mSP|mMEM ],
      [ mSP|mSP,        mSP|mMEM ],
      [ mBP|mSP,        mSP|mMEM ],
      [ mSI|mSP,        mSP|mMEM ],
      [ mDI|mSP,        mSP|mMEM ],

      // 58
      [ mSP|mMEM,       mAX|mSP ],              // POP EAX
      [ mSP|mMEM,       mCX|mSP ],
      [ mSP|mMEM,       mDX|mSP ],
      [ mSP|mMEM,       mBX|mSP ],
      [ mSP|mMEM,       mSP|mSP ],
      [ mSP|mMEM,       mBP|mSP ],
      [ mSP|mMEM,       mSI|mSP ],
      [ mSP|mMEM,       mDI|mSP ],

      // 60
      [ N,      N ],            // PUSHA
      [ N,      N ],            // POPA
      [ N,      N ],            // BOUND Gv,Ma
      [ N,      N ],            // ARPL  Ew,Rw
      [ N,      N ],            // SEG FS
      [ N,      N ],            // SEG GS
      [ N,      N ],            // operand size prefix
      [ N,      N ],            // address size prefix

      // 68
      [ mSP,    mSP|mMEM ],     // PUSH immed16/32
      [ EA,     F|R      ],     // IMUL Gv,Ev,lv
      [ mSP,    mSP|mMEM ],     // PUSH immed8
      [ EA,     F|R      ],     // IMUL Gv,Ev,lb
      [ N,      N        ],     // INSB Yb,DX
      [ N,      N        ],     // INSW/D Yv,DX
      [ N,      N        ],     // OUTSB DX,Xb
      [ N,      N        ],     // OUTSW/D DX,Xv

      // 70
      [ F|N,    N ],
      [ F|N,    N ],
      [ F|N,    N ],
      [ F|N,    N ],
      [ F|N,    N ],
      [ F|N,    N ],
      [ F|N,    N ],
      [ F|N,    N ],

      // 78
      [ F|N,    N ],
      [ F|N,    N ],
      [ F|N,    N ],
      [ F|N,    N ],
      [ F|N,    N ],
      [ F|N,    N ],
      [ F|N,    N ],
      [ F|N,    N ],

      // 80
      [ N,      N    ],
      [ N,      N    ],
      [ N,      N    ],
      [ N,      N    ],
      [ EA|R,   F    ],         // TEST EA,r8
      [ EA|R,   F    ],         // TEST EA,r16/32
      [ EA|R,   EA|R ],         // XCHG EA,r8
      [ EA|R,   EA|R ],         // XCHG EA,r16/32

      // 88
      [ R|B,    EA|B ],         // MOV EA8,r8
      [ R,      EA ],           // MOV EA,r16/32
      [ EA|B,   R|B ],          // MOV r8,EA8
      [ EA,     R ],            // MOV r16/32,EA
      [ N,      N ],            // MOV EA,segreg
      [ EA,     R ],            // LEA r16/32,EA
      [ N,      N ],            // MOV segreg,EA
      [ mSP|mMEM, EA|mSP ],     // POP mem16/32

      // 90
      [ 0,              0       ],      // NOP
      [ mAX|mCX,        mAX|mCX ],
      [ mAX|mDX,        mAX|mDX ],
      [ mAX|mBX,        mAX|mBX ],
      [ mAX|mSP,        mAX|mSP ],
      [ mAX|mBP,        mAX|mBP ],
      [ mAX|mSI,        mAX|mSI ],
      [ mAX|mDI,        mAX|mDI ],

      // 98
      [ mAX,            mAX      ],     // CBW
      [ mAX,            mDX      ],     // CWD
      [ N,              N|F      ],     // CALL far ptr
      [ N,              N        ],     // WAIT
      [ F|mSP,          mSP|mMEM ],     // PUSHF
      [ mSP|mMEM,       F|mSP    ],     // POPF
      [ mAX,            F        ],     // SAHF
      [ F,              mAX      ],     // LAHF

      // A0
      [ mMEM,           mAX  ],         // MOV AL,moffs8
      [ mMEM,           mAX  ],         // MOV EAX,moffs32
      [ mAX,            mMEM ],         // MOV moffs8,AL
      [ mAX,            mMEM ],         // MOV moffs32,EAX
      [ N,              N    ],         // MOVSB
      [ N,              N    ],         // MOVSW/D
      [ N,              N    ],         // CMPSB
      [ N,              N    ],         // CMPSW/D

      // A8
      [ mAX,    F ],                    // TEST AL,imm8
      [ mAX,    F ],                    // TEST AX,imm16
      [ N,      N ],                    // STOSB
      [ N,      N ],                    // STOSW/D
      [ N,      N ],                    // LODSB
      [ N,      N ],                    // LODSW/D
      [ N,      N ],                    // SCASB
      [ N,      N ],                    // SCASW/D

      // B0
      [ 0,      mAX ],                  // MOV AL,imm8
      [ 0,      mCX ],
      [ 0,      mDX ],
      [ 0,      mBX ],
      [ 0,      mAX ],
      [ 0,      mCX ],
      [ 0,      mDX ],
      [ 0,      mBX ],

      // B8
      [ 0,      mAX ],                  // MOV AX,imm16
      [ 0,      mCX ],
      [ 0,      mDX ],
      [ 0,      mBX ],
      [ 0,      mSP ],
      [ 0,      mBP ],
      [ 0,      mSI ],
      [ 0,      mDI ],

      // C0
      [ EA,     F|EA ],         // Shift Eb,Ib
      [ EA,     F|EA ],
      [ N,      N    ],
      [ N,      N    ],
      [ N,      N    ],
      [ N,      N    ],
      [ 0,      EA|B ],         // MOV EA8,imm8
      [ 0,      EA   ],         // MOV EA,imm16

      // C8
      [ N,      N ],            // ENTER
      [ N,      N ],            // LEAVE
      [ N,      N ],            // RETF lw
      [ N,      N ],            // RETF
      [ N,      N ],            // INT 3
      [ N,      N ],            // INT lb
      [ N,      N ],            // INTO
      [ N,      N ],            // IRET

      // D0
      [ EA,             F|EA  ],        // Shift EA,1
      [ EA,             F|EA  ],
      [ EA|mCX,         F|EA  ],        // Shift EA,CL
      [ EA|mCX,         F|EA  ],
      [ mAX,            F|mAX ],        // AAM
      [ mAX,            F|mAX ],        // AAD
      [ N,              N     ],        // reserved
      [ mAX|mBX|mMEM,   mAX   ],        // XLAT

      // D8
      [ N,      N ],
      [ N,      N ],
      [ N,      N ],
      [ N,      N ],
      [ N,      N ],
      [ N,      N ],
      [ N,      N ],
      [ N,      N ],

      // E0
      [ F|mCX|N,mCX|N ],        // LOOPNE jb
      [ F|mCX|N,mCX|N ],        // LOOPE  jb
      [ mCX|N,  mCX|N ],        // LOOP   jb
      [ mCX|N,  N     ],        // JCXZ   jb
      [ N,      N     ],        // IN AL,lb
      [ N,      N     ],        // IN EAX,lb
      [ N,      N     ],        // OUT lb,AL
      [ N,      N     ],        // OUT lb,EAX

      // E8
      [ N,      N|F   ],        // CALL jv
      [ N,      N     ],        // JMP Jv
      [ N,      N     ],        // JMP Ab
      [ N,      N     ],        // JMP jb
      [ N|mDX,  N|mAX ],        // IN AL,DX
      [ N|mDX,  N|mAX ],        // IN AX,DX
      [ N|mAX|mDX,N   ],        // OUT DX,AL
      [ N|mAX|mDX,N   ],        // OUT DX,AX

      // F0
      [ N,      N ],            // LOCK
      [ N,      N ],            // reserved
      [ N,      N ],            // REPNE
      [ N,      N ],            // REP,REPE
      [ N,      N ],            // HLT
      [ F,      F ],            // CMC
      [ N,      N ],
      [ N,      N ],

      // F8
      [ 0,      F    ],         // CLC
      [ 0,      F    ],         // STC
      [ N,      N    ],         // CLI
      [ N,      N    ],         // STI
      [ N,      N    ],         // CLD
      [ N,      N    ],         // STD
      [ EA,     F|EA ],         // INC/DEC
      [ N,      N    ],
];

/****************************************
 * Same thing, but for groups.
 */

extern (D) private immutable uint[2][8][8] grprw =
[
    [
        // Grp 1
      [ EA,     F|EA ],           // ADD
      [ EA,     F|EA ],           // OR
      [ F|EA,   F|EA ],           // ADC
      [ F|EA,   F|EA ],           // SBB
      [ EA,     F|EA ],           // AND
      [ EA,     F|EA ],           // SUB
      [ EA,     F|EA ],           // XOR
      [ EA,     F    ],           // CMP
    ],
    [
        // Grp 3
      [ EA,     F ],              // TEST EA,imm
      [ N,      N ],              // reserved
      [ EA,     EA ],             // NOT
      [ EA,     F|EA ],           // NEG
      [ mAX|EA, F|mAX|mDX ],      // MUL
      [ mAX|EA, F|mAX|mDX ],      // IMUL
      [ mAX|mDX|EA, F|mAX|mDX ],  // DIV

        // Could generate an exception we want to catch
        //mAX|mDX|EA|N,   F|mAX|mDX|N,    // IDIV

      [ mAX|mDX|EA,     F|mAX|mDX ],      // IDIV
    ],
    [
        // Grp 5
      [ EA,     F|EA ],           // INC Ev
      [ EA,     F|EA ],           // DEC Ev
      [ N|EA,   N ],              // CALL Ev
      [ N|EA,   N ],              // CALL eP
      [ N|EA,   N ],              // JMP Ev
      [ N|EA,   N ],              // JMP Ep
      [ mSP|EA, mSP|mMEM ],       // PUSH Ev
      [ N,      N ],              // reserved
    ],
    [
        // Grp 3, byte version
      [ EA|B,   F ],              // TEST EA,imm
      [ N,      N ],              // reserved
      [ EA|B,   EA|B ],           // NOT
      [ EA|B,   F|EA|B ],         // NEG
      [ mAX|EA, F|mAX ],          // MUL
      [ mAX|EA, F|mAX ],          // IMUL
      [ mAX|EA, F|mAX ],          // DIV

        // Could generate an exception we want to catch
        //mAX|EA|N,       F|mAX|N,        // IDIV

      [ mAX|EA, F|mAX ],          // IDIV
    ]
];

/********************************************
 * For floating point opcodes 0xD8..0xDF, with Irm < 0xC0.
 *      [][][0] = read
 *          [1] = write
 */

extern (D) private immutable uint[2][8][8] grpf1 =
[
    [
        // 0xD8
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FADD  float
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FMUL  float
      [ EA|S,   C ],      // FCOM  float
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FCOMP float
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FSUB  float
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FSUBR float
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FDIV  float
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FDIVR float
    ],
    [
        // 0xD9
      [ EA,     S|C ],    // FLD  float
      [ N,      N ],      //
      [ S,      EA|C ],   // FST  float
      [ S,      EA|S|C ], // FSTP float
      [ N,      N ],      // FLDENV
      [ N,      N ],      // FLDCW
      [ N,      N ],      // FSTENV
      [ N,      N ],      // FSTCW
    ],
    [
        // 0xDA
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FIADD  long
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FIMUL  long
      [ EA|S,   C ],      // FICOM  long
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FICOMP long
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FISUB  long
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FISUBR long
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FIDIV  long
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FIDIVR long
    ],
    [
        // 0xDB
      [ EA,     S|C ],    // FILD long
      [ S,      EA|S|C ], // FISTTP int
      [ S,      EA|C ],   // FIST long
      [ S,      EA|S|C ], // FISTP long
      [ N,      N ],      //
      [ EA,     S|C ],    // FLD real80
      [ N,      N ],      //
      [ S,      EA|S|C ], // FSTP real80
    ],
    [
        // 0xDC
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FADD  double
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FMUL  double
      [ EA|S,   C ],      // FCOM  double
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FCOMP double
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FSUB  double
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FSUBR double
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FDIV  double
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FDIVR double
    ],
    [
        // 0xDD
      [ EA,     S|C ],    // FLD double
      [ S,      EA|S|C ], // FISTTP long
      [ S,      EA|C ],   // FST double
      [ S,      EA|S|C ], // FSTP double
      [ N,      N ],      // FRSTOR
      [ N,      N ],      //
      [ N,      N ],      // FSAVE
      [ C,      EA ],     // FSTSW
    ],
    [
        // 0xDE
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FIADD  short
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FIMUL  short
      [ EA|S,   C ],      // FICOM  short
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FICOMP short
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FISUB  short
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FISUBR short
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FIDIV  short
      [ EA|S,   S|C ],    // FIDIVR short
    ],
    [
        // 0xDF
      [ EA,     S|C ],    // FILD short
      [ S,      EA|S|C ], // FISTTP short
      [ S,      EA|C ],   // FIST short
      [ S,      EA|S|C ], // FISTP short
      [ EA,     S|C ],    // FBLD packed BCD
      [ EA,     S|C ],    // FILD long long
      [ S,      EA|S|C ], // FBSTP packed BCD
      [ S,      EA|S|C ], // FISTP long long
    ]
];


/********************************************
 * Micro-ops for floating point opcodes 0xD8..0xDF, with Irm < 0xC0.
 */

extern (D) private immutable ubyte[8][8] uopsgrpf1 =
[
    [
        // 0xD8
        2,              // FADD  float
        2,              // FMUL  float
        2,              // FCOM  float
        2,              // FCOMP float
        2,              // FSUB  float
        2,              // FSUBR float
        2,              // FDIV  float
        2,              // FDIVR float
    ],
    [
        // 0xD9
        1,              // FLD  float
        0,              //
        2,              // FST  float
        2,              // FSTP float
        5,              // FLDENV
        3,              // FLDCW
        5,              // FSTENV
        5,              // FSTCW
    ],
    [
        // 0xDA
        5,              // FIADD  long
        5,              // FIMUL  long
        5,              // FICOM  long
        5,              // FICOMP long
        5,              // FISUB  long
        5,              // FISUBR long
        5,              // FIDIV  long
        5,              // FIDIVR long
    ],
    [
        // 0xDB
        4,              // FILD long
        0,              //
        4,              // FIST long
        4,              // FISTP long
        0,              //
        4,              // FLD real80
        0,              //
        5,              // FSTP real80
    ],
    [
        // 0xDC
        2,              // FADD  double
        2,              // FMUL  double
        2,              // FCOM  double
        2,              // FCOMP double
        2,              // FSUB  double
        2,              // FSUBR double
        2,              // FDIV  double
        2,              // FDIVR double
    ],
    [
        // 0xDD
        1,              // FLD double
        0,              //
        2,              // FST double
        2,              // FSTP double
        5,              // FRSTOR
        0,              //
        5,              // FSAVE
        5,              // FSTSW
    ],
    [
        // 0xDE
        5,              // FIADD  short
        5,              // FIMUL  short
        5,              // FICOM  short
        5,              // FICOMP short
        5,              // FISUB  short
        5,              // FISUBR short
        5,              // FIDIV  short
        5,              // FIDIVR short
    ],
    [
        // 0xDF
        4,              // FILD short
        0,              //
        4,              // FIST short
        4,              // FISTP short
        5,              // FBLD packed BCD
        4,              // FILD long long
        5,              // FBSTP packed BCD
        4,              // FISTP long long
    ]
];

/**************************************************
 * Determine number of micro-ops for Pentium Pro and Pentium II processors.
 * 0 means special case,
 * 5 means 'complex'
 */

extern (D) private immutable ubyte[256] insuops =
[       0,0,0,0,        1,1,4,5,                /* 00 */
        0,0,0,0,        1,1,4,0,                /* 08 */
        0,0,0,0,        2,2,4,5,                /* 10 */
        0,0,0,0,        2,2,4,5,                /* 18 */
        0,0,0,0,        1,1,0,1,                /* 20 */
        0,0,0,0,        1,1,0,1,                /* 28 */
        0,0,0,0,        1,1,0,1,                /* 30 */
        0,0,0,0,        1,1,0,1,                /* 38 */
        1,1,1,1,        1,1,1,1,                /* 40 */
        1,1,1,1,        1,1,1,1,                /* 48 */
        3,3,3,3,        3,3,3,3,                /* 50 */
        2,2,2,2,        3,2,2,2,                /* 58 */
        5,5,5,5,        0,0,0,0,                /* 60 */
        3,3,0,0,        5,5,5,5,                /* 68 */
        1,1,1,1,        1,1,1,1,                /* 70 */
        1,1,1,1,        1,1,1,1,                /* 78 */
        0,0,0,0,        0,0,0,0,                /* 80 */
        0,0,0,0,        0,1,4,0,                /* 88 */
        1,3,3,3,        3,3,3,3,                /* 90 */
        1,1,5,0,        5,5,1,1,                /* 98 */
        1,1,2,2,        5,5,5,5,                /* A0 */
        1,1,3,3,        2,2,3,3,                /* A8 */
        1,1,1,1,        1,1,1,1,                /* B0 */
        1,1,1,1,        1,1,1,1,                /* B8 */
        0,0,5,4,        0,0,0,0,                /* C0 */
        5,3,5,5,        5,3,5,5,                /* C8 */
        0,0,0,0,        4,3,0,2,                /* D0 */
        0,0,0,0,        0,0,0,0,                /* D8 */
        4,4,4,2,        5,5,5,5,                /* E0 */
        4,1,5,1,        5,5,5,5,                /* E8 */
        0,0,5,5,        5,1,0,0,                /* F0 */
        1,1,5,5,        4,4,0,0,                /* F8 */
];

extern (D) private immutable ubyte[8] uopsx = [ 1,1,2,5,1,1,1,5 ];

/************************************************
 * Determine number of micro-ops for Pentium Pro and Pentium II processors.
 * 5 means 'complex'.
 * Doesn't currently handle:
 *      floating point
 *      MMX
 *      0F opcodes
 *      prefix bytes
 */

private ubyte uops(code* c)
{
    ubyte n;
    int op;
    int op2;

    op = c.Iop & 0xFF;
    if ((c.Iop & 0xFF00) == 0x0F00)
        op = 0x0F;
    n = insuops[op];
    if (!n)                             // if special case
    {   ubyte irm,mod,reg,rm;

        irm = c.Irm;
        mod = (irm >> 6) & 3;
        reg = (irm >> 3) & 7;
        rm = irm & 7;

        switch (op)
        {
            case 0x10:
            case 0x11:                  // ADC rm,r
            case 0x18:
            case 0x19:                  // SBB rm,r
                n = (mod == 3) ? 2 : 4;
                break;

            case 0x12:
            case 0x13:                  // ADC r,rm
            case 0x1A:
            case 0x1B:                  // SBB r,rm
                n = (mod == 3) ? 2 : 3;
                break;

            case 0x00:
            case 0x01:                  // ADD rm,r
            case 0x08:
            case 0x09:                  // OR rm,r
            case 0x20:
            case 0x21:                  // AND rm,r
            case 0x28:
            case 0x29:                  // SUB rm,r
            case 0x30:
            case 0x31:                  // XOR rm,r
                n = (mod == 3) ? 1 : 4;
                break;

            case 0x02:
            case 0x03:                  // ADD r,rm
            case 0x0A:
            case 0x0B:                  // OR r,rm
            case 0x22:
            case 0x23:                  // AND r,rm
            case 0x2A:
            case 0x2B:                  // SUB r,rm
            case 0x32:
            case 0x33:                  // XOR r,rm
            case 0x38:
            case 0x39:                  // CMP rm,r
            case 0x3A:
            case 0x3B:                  // CMP r,rm
            case 0x69:                  // IMUL rm,r,imm
            case 0x6B:                  // IMUL rm,r,imm8
            case 0x84:
            case 0x85:                  // TEST rm,r
                n = (mod == 3) ? 1 : 2;
                break;

            case 0x80:
            case 0x81:
            case 0x82:
            case 0x83:
                if (reg == 2 || reg == 3)       // ADC/SBB rm,imm
                    n = (mod == 3) ? 2 : 4;
                else if (reg == 7)              // CMP rm,imm
                    n = (mod == 3) ? 1 : 2;
                else
                    n = (mod == 3) ? 1 : 4;
                break;

            case 0x86:
            case 0x87:                          // XCHG rm,r
                n = (mod == 3) ? 3 : 5;
                break;

            case 0x88:
            case 0x89:                          // MOV rm,r
                n = (mod == 3) ? 1 : 2;
                break;

            case 0x8A:
            case 0x8B:                          // MOV r,rm
                n = 1;
                break;

            case 0x8C:                          // MOV Sreg,rm
                n = (mod == 3) ? 1 : 3;
                break;

            case 0x8F:
                if (reg == 0)                   // POP m
                    n = 5;
                break;

            case 0xC6:
            case 0xC7:
                if (reg == 0)                   // MOV rm,imm
                    n = (mod == 3) ? 1 : 2;
                break;

            case 0xD0:
            case 0xD1:
                if (reg == 2 || reg == 3)       // RCL/RCR rm,1
                    n = (mod == 3) ? 2 : 4;
                else
                    n = (mod == 3) ? 1 : 4;
                break;

            case 0xC0:
            case 0xC1:                          // RCL/RCR rm,imm8
            case 0xD2:
            case 0xD3:
                if (reg == 2 || reg == 3)       // RCL/RCR rm,CL
                    n = 5;
                else
                    n = (mod == 3) ? 1 : 4;
                break;

            case 0xD8:
            case 0xD9:
            case 0xDA:
            case 0xDB:
            case 0xDC:
            case 0xDD:
            case 0xDE:
            case 0xDF:
                // Floating point opcodes
                if (irm < 0xC0)
                {   n = uopsgrpf1[op - 0xD8][reg];
                    break;
                }
                n = uopsx[op - 0xD8];
                switch (op)
                {
                    case 0xD9:
                        switch (irm)
                        {
                            case 0xE0:          // FCHS
                                n = 3;
                                break;
                            case 0xE8:
                            case 0xE9:
                            case 0xEA:
                            case 0xEB:
                            case 0xEC:
                            case 0xED:
                                n = 2;
                                break;
                            case 0xF0:
                            case 0xF1:
                            case 0xF2:
                            case 0xF3:
                            case 0xF4:
                            case 0xF5:
                            case 0xF8:
                            case 0xF9:
                            case 0xFB:
                            case 0xFC:
                            case 0xFD:
                            case 0xFE:
                            case 0xFF:
                                n = 5;
                                break;

                            default:
                                break;
                        }
                        break;
                    case 0xDE:
                        if (irm == 0xD9)        // FCOMPP
                            n = 2;
                        break;

                    default:
                        break;
                }
                break;

            case 0xF6:
                if (reg == 6 || reg == 7)       // DIV AL,rm8
                    n = (mod == 3) ? 3 : 4;
                else if (reg == 4 || reg == 5 || reg == 0)      // MUL/IMUL/TEST rm8
                    n = (mod == 3) ? 1 : 2;
                else if (reg == 2 || reg == 3)  // NOT/NEG rm
                    n = (mod == 3) ? 1 : 4;
                break;

            case 0xF7:
                if (reg == 6 || reg == 7)       // DIV EAX,rm
                    n = 4;
                else if (reg == 4 || reg == 5)  // MUL/IMUL rm
                    n = (mod == 3) ? 3 : 4;
                else if (reg == 2 || reg == 3)  // NOT/NEG rm
                    n = (mod == 3) ? 1 : 4;
                break;

            case 0xFF:
                if (reg == 2 || reg == 3 ||     // CALL rm, CALL m,rm
                    reg == 5)                   // JMP seg:offset
                    n = 5;
                else if (reg == 4)
                    n = (mod == 3) ? 1 : 2;
                else if (reg == 0 || reg == 1)  // INC/DEC rm
                    n = (mod == 3) ? 1 : 4;
                else if (reg == 6)              // PUSH rm
                    n = (mod == 3) ? 3 : 4;
                break;

            case 0x0F:
                op2 = c.Iop & 0xFF;
                if ((op2 & 0xF0) == 0x80)       // Jcc
                {   n = 1;
                    break;
                }
                if ((op2 & 0xF0) == 0x90)       // SETcc
                {   n = (mod == 3) ? 1 : 3;
                    break;
                }
                if (op2 == 0xB6 || op2 == 0xB7 ||       // MOVZX
                    op2 == 0xBE || op2 == 0xBF)         // MOVSX
                {   n = 1;
                    break;
                }
                if (op2 == 0xAF)                        // IMUL r,m
                {   n = (mod == 3) ? 1 : 2;
                    break;
                }
                break;

            default:
                break;
        }
    }
    if (n == 0)
        n = 5;                                  // copout for now
    return n;
}

/******************************************
 * Determine pairing classification.
 * Don't deal with floating point, just assume they are all NP (Not Pairable).
 * Returns:
 *      NP,UV,PU,PV optionally OR'd with PE
 */

private int pair_class(code* c)
{   ubyte op;
    ubyte irm,mod,reg,rm;
    uint a32;
    int pc;

    // Of course, with Intel this is* never* simple, and Intel's
    // documentation is vague about the specifics.

    op = c.Iop & 0xFF;
    if ((c.Iop & 0xFF00) == 0x0F00)
        op = 0x0F;
    pc = pentcycl[op];
    a32 = I32;
    if (c.Iflags & CFaddrsize)
        a32 ^= 1;
    irm = c.Irm;
    mod = (irm >> 6) & 3;
    reg = (irm >> 3) & 7;
    rm = irm & 7;
    switch (op)
    {
        case 0x0F:                              // 2 byte opcode
            if ((c.Iop & 0xF0) == 0x80)        // if Jcc
                pc = PV | PF;
            break;

        case 0x80:
        case 0x81:
        case 0x83:
            if (reg == 2 ||                     // ADC EA,immed
                reg == 3)                       // SBB EA,immed
            {   pc = PU;
                goto L2;
            }
            goto L1;                            // AND/OR/XOR/ADD/SUB/CMP EA,immed

        case 0x84:
        case 0x85:                              // TEST EA,reg
            if (mod == 3)                       // TEST reg,reg
                pc = UV;
            break;

        case 0xC0:
        case 0xC1:
            if (reg >= 4)
                pc = PU;
            break;

        case 0xC6:
        case 0xC7:
            if (reg == 0)                       // MOV EA,immed
            {
        L1:
                pc = UV;
        L2:
                // if EA contains a displacement then
                // can't execute in V, or pair in U
                switch (mod)
                {   case 0:
                        if (a32)
                        {   if (rm == 5 ||
                                (rm == 4 && (c.Isib & 7) == 5)
                               )
                                pc = NP;
                        }
                        else if (rm == 6)
                            pc = NP;
                        break;
                    case 1:
                    case 2:
                        pc = NP;
                        break;

                    default:
                        break;
                }
            }
            break;

        case 0xD9:
            if (irm < 0xC0)
            {
                if (reg == 0)
                    pc = FX;
            }
            else if (irm < 0xC8)
                pc = FX;
            else if (irm < 0xD0)
                pc = PV;
            else
            {
                switch (irm)
                {
                    case 0xE0:
                    case 0xE1:
                    case 0xE4:
                        pc = FX;
                        break;

                    default:
                        break;
                }
            }
            break;

        case 0xDB:
            if (irm < 0xC0 && (reg == 0 || reg == 5))
                pc = FX;
            break;

        case 0xDD:
            if (irm < 0xC0)
            {
                if (reg == 0)
                    pc = FX;
            }
            else if (irm >= 0xE0 && irm < 0xF0)
                pc = FX;
            break;

        case 0xDF:
            if (irm < 0xC0 && (reg == 0 || reg == 5))
                pc = FX;
            break;

        case 0xFE:
            if (reg == 0 || reg == 1)           // INC/DEC EA
                pc = UV;
            break;
        case 0xFF:
            if (reg == 0 || reg == 1)           // INC/DEC EA
                pc = UV;
            else if (reg == 2 || reg == 4)      // CALL/JMP near ptr EA
                pc = PE|PV;
            else if (reg == 6 && mod == 3)      // PUSH reg
                pc = PE | UV;
            break;

        default:
            break;
    }
    if (c.Iflags & CFPREFIX && pc == UV)       // if prefix byte
        pc = PU;
    return pc;
}

/******************************************
 * For an instruction, determine what is read
 * and what is written, and what is used for addressing.
 * Determine operand size if EA (larger is ok).
 * Params:
 *     c: the instruction to examine
 * Returns:
 *     CInfo struct containing info about c
 */
private Cinfo getinfo(code* c)
{
    if (!c)
        return Cinfo.init;
    Cinfo ci;
    ci.c = c;

    if (PRO)
    {
        ci.uops = uops(c);
        ci.isz = cast(ubyte)calccodsize(c);
    }
    else
        ci.pair = cast(ubyte)pair_class(c);

    ubyte op;
    ubyte op2;
    ubyte irm,mod,reg,rm;
    uint a32;
    int pc;
    uint r,w;
    int sz = I32 ? 4 : 2;

    ci.r = 0;
    ci.w = 0;
    ci.a = 0;
    op = c.Iop & 0xFF;
    if ((c.Iop & 0xFF00) == 0x0F00)
        op = 0x0F;
    //printf("\tgetinfo %x, op %x \n",c,op);
    pc = pentcycl[op];
    a32 = I32;
    if (c.Iflags & CFaddrsize)
        a32 ^= 1;
    if (c.Iflags & CFopsize)
        sz ^= 2 | 4;
    irm = c.Irm;
    mod = (irm >> 6) & 3;
    reg = (irm >> 3) & 7;
    rm = irm & 7;

    r = oprw[op][0];
    w = oprw[op][1];

    switch (op)
    {
        case 0x50:
        case 0x51:
        case 0x52:
        case 0x53:
        case 0x55:
        case 0x56:
        case 0x57:                              // PUSH reg
            ci.flags |= CIFL.push;
            goto Lpush;

        case 0x54:                              // PUSH ESP
        case 0x6A:                              // PUSH imm8
        case 0x68:                              // PUSH imm
        case 0x0E:
        case 0x16:
        case 0x1E:
        case 0x06:
        case 0x9C:
        Lpush:
            ci.spadjust = -sz;
            ci.a |= mSP;
            break;

        case 0x58:
        case 0x59:
        case 0x5A:
        case 0x5B:
        case 0x5C:
        case 0x5D:
        case 0x5E:
        case 0x5F:                              // POP reg
        case 0x1F:
        case 0x07:
        case 0x17:
        case 0x9D:                              // POPF
        Lpop:
            ci.spadjust = sz;
            ci.a |= mSP;
            break;

        case 0x80:
            if (reg == 7)                       // CMP
                c.Iflags |= CFpsw;
            r = B | grprw[0][reg][0];           // Grp 1 (byte)
            w = B | grprw[0][reg][1];
            break;

        case 0x81:
        case 0x83:
            if (reg == 7)                       // CMP
                c.Iflags |= CFpsw;
            else if (irm == modregrm(3,0,SP))   // ADD ESP,imm
            {
                assert(c.IFL2 == FL.const_);
                ci.spadjust = (op == 0x81) ? c.IEV2.Vint : cast(byte)c.IEV2.Vint;
            }
            else if (irm == modregrm(3,5,SP))   // SUB ESP,imm
            {
                assert(c.IFL2 == FL.const_);
                ci.spadjust = (op == 0x81) ? -c.IEV2.Vint : -cast(int)cast(byte)c.IEV2.Vint;
            }
            r = grprw[0][reg][0];               // Grp 1
            w = grprw[0][reg][1];
            break;

        case 0x8F:
            if (reg == 0)                       // POP rm
                goto Lpop;
            break;

        case 0xA0:
        case 0xA1:
        case 0xA2:
        case 0xA3:
            // Fake having an EA to simplify code in conflict()
            ci.flags |= CIFL.ea;
            ci.reg = 0;
            ci.sibmodrm = a32 ? modregrm(0,0,5) : modregrm(0,0,6);
            c.IFL1 = c.IFL2;
            c.IEV1 = c.IEV2;
            break;

        case 0xC2:
        case 0xC3:
        case 0xCA:
        case 0xCB:                              // RET
            ci.a |= mSP;
            break;

        case 0xE8:
            if (c.Iflags & CFclassinit)        // call to __j_classinit
            {   r = 0;
                w = F;

version (CLASSINIT2)
                ci.pair = UV;                  // it is patched to CMP EAX,0
else
                ci.pair = NP;

            }
            break;

        case 0xF6:
            r = grprw[3][reg][0];               // Grp 3, byte version
            w = grprw[3][reg][1];
            break;

        case 0xF7:
            r = grprw[1][reg][0];               // Grp 3
            w = grprw[1][reg][1];
            break;

        case 0x0F:
            op2 = c.Iop & 0xFF;
            if ((op2 & 0xF0) == 0x80)           // if Jxx instructions
            {
                ci.r = F | N;
                ci.w = N;
                goto Lret;
            }
            ci.r = N;
            ci.w = N;          // copout for now
            goto Lret;

        case 0xD7:                              // XLAT
            ci.a = mAX | mBX;
            break;

        case 0xFF:
            r = grprw[2][reg][0];               // Grp 5
            w = grprw[2][reg][1];
            if (reg == 6)                       // PUSH rm
                goto Lpush;
            break;

        case 0x38:
        case 0x39:
        case 0x3A:
        case 0x3B:
        case 0x3C:                              // CMP AL,imm8
        case 0x3D:                              // CMP EAX,imm32
            // For CMP opcodes, always test for flags
            c.Iflags |= CFpsw;
            break;

        case PSOP.root:
            if (c.Iop == PSOP.adjfpu)
                ci.fpuadjust = c.IEV1.Vint;
            break;

        case 0xD0:
        case 0xD1:
        case 0xD2:
        case 0xD3:
        case 0xC0:
        case 0xC1:
            if (reg == 2 || reg == 3)           // if RCL or RCR
                c.Iflags |= CFpsw;             // always test for flags
            break;

        case 0xD8:
        case 0xD9:
        case 0xDA:
        case 0xDB:
        case 0xDC:
        case 0xDD:
        case 0xDE:
        case 0xDF:
            if (irm < 0xC0)
            {   r = grpf1[op - 0xD8][reg][0];
                w = grpf1[op - 0xD8][reg][1];
                switch (op)
                {
                    case 0xD8:
                        if (reg == 3)           // if FCOMP
                            ci.fpuadjust = -1;
                        else
                            ci.fp_op = FP.fop;
                        break;

                    case 0xD9:
                        if (reg == 0)           // if FLD float
                        {   ci.fpuadjust = 1;
                            ci.fp_op = FP.fld;
                        }
                        else if (reg == 3)      // if FSTP float
                        {   ci.fpuadjust = -1;
                            ci.fp_op = FP.fstp;
                        }
                        else if (reg == 5 || reg == 7)
                            sz = 2;
                        else if (reg == 4 || reg == 6)
                            sz = 28;
                        break;
                    case 0xDA:
                        if (reg == 3)           // if FICOMP
                            ci.fpuadjust = -1;
                        break;
                    case 0xDB:
                        if (reg == 0 || reg == 5)
                        {   ci.fpuadjust = 1;
                            ci.fp_op = FP.fld;  // FILD / FLD long double
                        }
                        if (reg == 3 || reg == 7)
                            ci.fpuadjust = -1;
                        if (reg == 7)
                            ci.fp_op = FP.fstp; // FSTP long double
                        if (reg == 5 || reg == 7)
                            sz = 10;
                        break;
                    case 0xDC:
                        sz = 8;
                        if (reg == 3)           // if FCOMP
                            ci.fpuadjust = -1;
                        else
                            ci.fp_op = FP.fop;
                        break;
                    case 0xDD:
                        if (reg == 0)           // if FLD double
                        {   ci.fpuadjust = 1;
                            ci.fp_op = FP.fld;
                        }
                        if (reg == 3)           // if FSTP double
                        {   ci.fpuadjust = -1;
                            ci.fp_op = FP.fstp;
                        }
                        if (reg == 7)
                            sz = 2;
                        else if (reg == 4 || reg == 6)
                            sz = 108;
                        else
                            sz = 8;
                        break;
                    case 0xDE:
                        sz = 2;
                        if (reg == 3)           // if FICOMP
                            ci.fpuadjust = -1;
                        break;
                    case 0xDF:
                        sz = 2;
                        if (reg == 4 || reg == 6)
                            sz = 10;
                        else if (reg == 5 || reg == 7)
                            sz = 8;
                        if (reg == 0 || reg == 4 || reg == 5)
                            ci.fpuadjust = 1;
                        else if (reg == 3 || reg == 6 || reg == 7)
                            ci.fpuadjust = -1;
                        break;

                    default:
                        break;
                }
                break;
            }
            else if (op == 0xDE)
            {   ci.fpuadjust = -1;             // pop versions of Fop's
                if (irm == 0xD9)
                    ci.fpuadjust = -2;         // FCOMPP
            }

            // Most floating point opcodes aren't staged, but are
            // sent right through, in order to make use of the large
            // latencies with floating point instructions.
            if (ci.fp_op == FP.fld ||
                (op == 0xD9 && (irm & 0xF8) == 0xC0))
            { }                                // FLD ST(i)
            else
                ci.flags |= CIFL.nostage;

            switch (op)
            {
                case 0xD8:
                    r = S;
                    w = C;
                    if ((irm & ~7) == 0xD0)
                        w |= S;
                    break;
                case 0xD9:
                    // FCHS or FABS or FSQRT
                    if (irm == 0xE0 || irm == 0xE1 || irm == 0xFA)
                        ci.fp_op = FP.fop;
                    r = S;
                    w = S|C;
                    break;
                case 0xDA:
                    if (irm == 0xE9)    // FUCOMPP
                    {   r = S;
                        w = S|C;
                        break;
                    }
                    break;
                case 0xDB:
                    if (irm == 0xE2)    // FCLEX
                    {   r = 0;
                        w = C;
                        break;
                    }
                    if (irm == 0xE3)    // FINIT
                    {   r = 0;
                        w = S|C;
                        break;
                    }
                    break;
                case 0xDC:
                case 0xDE:
                    if ((irm & 0xF0) != 0xD0)
                    {   r = S;
                        w = S|C;
                        break;
                    }
                    break;
                case 0xDD:
                    // Not entirely correct, but conservative
                    r = S;
                    w = S|C;
                    break;
                case 0xDF:
                    if (irm == 0xE0)    // FSTSW AX
                    {   r = C;
                        w = mAX;
                        break;
                    }
                    break;

                default:
                    break;
            }
            break;

        default:
            //printf("\t\tNo special case\n");
            break;
    }

    if ((r | w) & B)                            // if byte operation
        sz = 1;                                 // operand size is 1

    ci.r = r & ~(R | EA);
    ci.w = w & ~(R | EA);
    if (r & R)
        ci.r |= mask((r & B) ? (reg & 3) : reg);
    if (w & R)
        ci.w |= mask((w & B) ? (reg & 3) : reg);

    // OR in bits for EA addressing mode
    if ((r | w) & EA)
    {   ubyte sib;

        sib = 0;
        switch (mod)
        {
            case 0:
                if (a32)
                {
                    if (rm == 4)
                    {
                        sib = c.Isib;
                        if ((sib & modregrm(0,7,0)) != modregrm(0,4,0))
                            ci.a |= mask((sib >> 3) & 7);      // index register
                        if ((sib & 7) != 5)
                            ci.a |= mask(sib & 7);             // base register
                    }
                    else if (rm != 5)
                        ci.a |= mask(rm);
                }
                else
                {
                    immutable ubyte[8] ea16 = [mBX|mSI,mBX|mDI,mBP|mSI,mBP|mDI,mSI,mDI,0,mBX];
                    ci.a |= ea16[rm];
                }
                goto Lmem;

            case 1:
            case 2:
                if (a32)
                {
                    if (rm == 4)
                    {
                        sib = c.Isib;
                        if ((sib & modregrm(0,7,0)) != modregrm(0,4,0))
                            ci.a |= mask((sib >> 3) & 7);      // index register
                        ci.a |= mask(sib & 7);                 // base register
                    }
                    else
                        ci.a |= mask(rm);
                }
                else
                {
                    immutable ubyte[8] ea16 = [mBX|mSI,mBX|mDI,mBP|mSI,mBP|mDI,mSI,mDI,mBP,mBX];
                    ci.a |= ea16[rm];
                }

            Lmem:
                if (r & EA)
                    ci.r |= mMEM;
                if (w & EA)
                    ci.w |= mMEM;
                ci.flags |= CIFL.ea;
                break;

            case 3:
                if (r & EA)
                    ci.r |= mask((r & B) ? (rm & 3) : rm);
                if (w & EA)
                    ci.w |= mask((w & B) ? (rm & 3) : rm);
                break;

            default:
                assert(0);
        }
        // Adjust sibmodrm so that addressing modes can be compared simply
        irm &= modregrm(3,0,7);
        if (a32)
        {
            if (irm != modregrm(0,0,5))
            {
                switch (mod)
                {
                case 0:
                    if ((sib & 7) != 5)     // if not disp32[index]
                    {
                        c.IFL1 = FL.const_;
                        c.IEV1.Vpointer = 0;
                        irm |= 0x80;
                    }
                    break;
                case 1:
                    c.IEV1.Vpointer = cast(byte) c.IEV1.Vpointer;
                    irm = modregrm(2, 0, rm);
                    break;

                default:
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (irm != modregrm(0,0,6))
            {
                switch (mod)
                {
                    case 0:
                        c.IFL1 = FL.const_;
                        c.IEV1.Vpointer = 0;
                        irm |= 0x80;
                        break;
                    case 1:
                        c.IEV1.Vpointer = cast(byte) c.IEV1.Vpointer;
                        irm = modregrm(2, 0, rm);
                        break;

                    default:
                        break;
                }
            }
        }

        ci.r |= ci.a;
        ci.reg = reg;
        ci.sibmodrm = (sib << 8) | irm;
    }
Lret:
    if (ci.w & mSP)                    // if stack pointer is modified
        ci.w |= mMEM;                  // then we are implicitly writing to memory
    if (op == LEA)                     // if LEA
        ci.r &= ~mMEM;                 // memory is not actually read
    ci.sz = cast(ubyte)sz;
    return ci;
    //printf("\t\t"); ci.print();
}

/******************************************
 * Determine if two instructions can pair.
 * Assume that in general, cu can pair in the U pipe and cv in the V.
 * Look for things like register contentions.
 * Input:
 *      cu      instruction for U pipe
 *      cv      instruction for V pipe
 * Returns:
 *      true if they can pair
 */

private bool pair_test(const ref Cinfo cu, const ref Cinfo cv)
{
    const pcu = cu.pair;
    if (!(pcu & PU))
    {
        // See if pairs with FXCH and cv is FXCH
        if (pcu & FX && cv.c.Iop == 0xD9 && (cv.c.Irm & ~7) == 0xC8)
            return true;
        return false;
    }
    const pcv = cv.pair;
    if (!(pcv & PV))
        return false;

    const r1 = cu.r;
    const w1 = cu.w;
    const r2 = cv.r;
    const w2 = cv.w;

    const x = w1 & (r2 | w2) & ~(F|mMEM);     // register contention
    if (x &&                            // if register contention
        !(x == mSP && pcu & pcv & PE)   // and not exception
       )
        return false;

    // Look for flags contention
    if (w1 & r2 & F && !(pcv & PF))
        return false;

    return true;
}

/******************************************
 * Determine if two instructions have an AGI or register contention.
 * Returns:
 *      !=0 if they have an AGI
 */

private int pair_agi(const ref Cinfo c1, const ref Cinfo c2) pure
{
    const x = c1.w & c2.a;
    return x && !(x == mSP && c1.pair & c2.pair & PE);
}

/********************************************
 * Determine if three instructions can decode simultaneously
 * in Pentium Pro and Pentium II.
 * Input:
 *      c0,c1,c2        candidates for decoders 0,1,2
 *                      c2 can be null
 * Returns:
 *      true if they can decode simultaneously
 */

private bool triple_test(const ref Cinfo c0, const ref Cinfo c1, Cinfo* c2)
{
    const c2isz = c2 ? c2.isz : 0;
    if (c0.isz > 7 || c1.isz > 7 || c2isz > 7 ||
        c0.isz + c1.isz + c2isz > 16)
        return false;

    // 4-1-1 decode
    if (c1.uops > 1 ||
        (c2 && c2.uops > 1))
        return false;

    return true;
}

/********************************************
 * Get next instruction worth looking at for scheduling.
 * Returns:
 *      null    no more instructions
 */

private code* cnext(code* c)
{
    while (1)
    {
        c = code_next(c);
        if (!c)
            break;
        if (c.Iflags & (CFtarg | CFtarg2))
            break;
        if (!(c.Iop == NOP ||
              c.Iop == PSOP.linnum))
            break;
    }
    return c;
}

/******************************************
 * Instruction scheduler.
 * Input:
 *      c               list of instructions to schedule
 *      scratch         scratch registers we can use
 * Returns:
 *      revised list of scheduled instructions
 */

///////////////////////////////////
// Determine if c1 and c2 are swappable.
// c1 comes before c2.
// If they do not conflict
//      return 0
// If they do conflict
//      return 0x100 + delay_clocks
// Input:
//      fpsched         if 1, then adjust fxch_pre and fxch_post to swap,
//                      then return 0
//                      if 2, then adjust ci1 as well as ci2

@trusted
private int conflict(Cinfo* ci1,Cinfo* ci2,int fpsched)
{
    code* c1;
    code* c2;
    uint r1,w1,a1;
    uint r2,w2,a2;
    int sz1,sz2;
    int i = 0;
    int delay_clocks;

    c1 = ci1.c;
    c2 = ci2.c;

    //printf("conflict %x %x\n",c1,c2);

    r1 = ci1.r;
    w1 = ci1.w;
    a1 = ci1.a;
    sz1 = ci1.sz;

    r2 = ci2.r;
    w2 = ci2.w;
    a2 = ci2.a;
    sz2 = ci2.sz;

    //printf("r1 %lx w1 %lx a1 %lx sz1 %x\n",r1,w1,a1,sz1);
    //printf("r2 %lx w2 %lx a2 %lx sz2 %x\n",r2,w2,a2,sz2);

    if ((c1.Iflags | c2.Iflags) & (CFvolatile | CFvex))
        goto Lconflict;

    // Determine if we should handle FPU register conflicts separately
    //if (fpsched) printf("fp_op %d,%d:\n",ci1.fp_op,ci2.fp_op);
    if (fpsched && ci1.fp_op && ci2.fp_op)
    {
        w1 &= ~(S|C);
        r1 &= ~(S|C);
        w2 &= ~(S|C);
        r2 &= ~(S|C);
    }
    else
        fpsched = 0;

    if ((r1 | r2) & N)
    {
        goto Lconflict;
    }

static if (0)
{
    if (c1.Iop == 0xFF && c2.Iop == 0x8B)
    {   c1.print(); c2.print(); i = 1;
        printf("r1=%lx, w1=%lx, a1=%lx, sz1=%d, r2=%lx, w2=%lx, a2=%lx, sz2=%d\n",r1,w1,a1,sz1,r2,w2,a2,sz2);
    }
}
L1:
    if (w1 & r2 || (r1 | w1) & w2)
    {   ubyte ifl1,ifl2;

if (i) printf("test\n");

static if (0)
{
if (c1.IFL1 != c2.IFL1) printf("t1\n");
if ((c1.Irm & modregrm(3,0,7)) != (c2.Irm & modregrm(3,0,7))) printf("t2\n");
if ((issib(c1.Irm) && c1.Isib != c2.Isib)) printf("t3\n");
if (c1.IEV1.Vpointer + sz1 <= c2.IEV1.Vpointer) printf("t4\n");
if (c2.IEV1.Vpointer + sz2 <= c1.IEV1.Vpointer) printf("t5\n");
}

        // make sure CFpsw is reliably set
        if (w1 & w2 & F &&              // if both instructions write to flags
            w1 != F &&
            w2 != F &&
            !((r1 | r2) & F) &&         // but neither instruction reads them
            !((c1.Iflags | c2.Iflags) & CFpsw))       // and we don't care about flags
        {
            w1 &= ~F;
            w2 &= ~F;                   // remove conflict
            goto L1;                    // and try again
        }

        // If other than the memory reference is a conflict
        if (w1 & r2 & ~mMEM || (r1 | w1) & w2 & ~mMEM)
        {   if (i) printf("\t1\n");
            if (i) printf("r1=%x, w1=%x, a1=%x, sz1=%d, r2=%x, w2=%x, a2=%x, sz2=%d\n",r1,w1,a1,sz1,r2,w2,a2,sz2);
            goto Lconflict;
        }

        // If referring to distinct types, then no dependency
        if (c1.Irex && c2.Irex && c1.Irex != c2.Irex)
            goto Lswap;

        ifl1 = c1.IFL1;
        ifl2 = c2.IFL1;

        // Special case: Allow indexed references using registers other than
        // ESP and EBP to be swapped with PUSH instructions
        if (((c1.Iop & ~7) == 0x50 ||          // PUSH reg
             c1.Iop == 0x6A ||                 // PUSH imm8
             c1.Iop == 0x68 ||                 // PUSH imm16/imm32
             (c1.Iop == 0xFF && ci1.reg == 6) // PUSH EA
            ) &&
            ci2.flags & CIFL.ea && !(a2 & mSP) &&
            !(a2 & mBP && cast(int)c2.IEV1.Vpointer < 0)
           )
        {
            if (c1.Iop == 0xFF)
            {
                if (!(w2 & mMEM))
                    goto Lswap;
            }
            else
                goto Lswap;
        }

        // Special case: Allow indexed references using registers other than
        // ESP and EBP to be swapped with PUSH instructions
        if (((c2.Iop & ~7) == 0x50 ||          // PUSH reg
             c2.Iop == 0x6A ||                 // PUSH imm8
             c2.Iop == 0x68 ||                 // PUSH imm16/imm32
             (c2.Iop == 0xFF && ci2.reg == 6) // PUSH EA
            ) &&
            ci1.flags & CIFL.ea && !(a1 & mSP) &&
            !(a2 & mBP && cast(int)c2.IEV1.Vpointer < 0)
           )
        {
            if (c2.Iop == 0xFF)
            {
                if (!(w1 & mMEM))
                    goto Lswap;
            }
            else
                goto Lswap;
        }

        // If not both an EA addressing mode, conflict
        if (!(ci1.flags & ci2.flags & CIFL.ea))
        {   if (i) printf("\t2\n");
            goto Lconflict;
        }

        if (ci1.sibmodrm == ci2.sibmodrm)
        {   if (ifl1 != ifl2)
                goto Lswap;
            switch (ifl1)
            {
                case FL.const_:
                    if (c1.IEV1.Vint != c2.IEV1.Vint &&
                        (c1.IEV1.Vint + sz1 <= c2.IEV1.Vint ||
                         c2.IEV1.Vint + sz2 <= c1.IEV1.Vint))
                        goto Lswap;
                    break;
                case FL.datseg:
                    if (c1.IEV1.Vseg != c2.IEV1.Vseg ||
                        c1.IEV1.Vint + sz1 <= c2.IEV1.Vint ||
                        c2.IEV1.Vint + sz2 <= c1.IEV1.Vint)
                        goto Lswap;
                    break;

                default:
                    break;
            }
        }

        if ((c1.Iflags | c2.Iflags) & CFunambig &&
            (ifl1 != ifl2 ||
             ci1.sibmodrm != ci2.sibmodrm ||
             (c1.IEV1.Vint != c2.IEV1.Vint &&
              (c1.IEV1.Vint + sz1 <= c2.IEV1.Vint ||
               c2.IEV1.Vint + sz2 <= c1.IEV1.Vint)
             )
            )
           )
        {
            // Assume that [EBP] and [ESP] can point to the same location
            if (((a1 | a2) & (mBP | mSP)) == (mBP | mSP))
                goto Lconflict;
            goto Lswap;
        }

        if (i) printf("\t3\n");
        goto Lconflict;
    }

Lswap:
    if (fpsched)
    {
        //printf("\tfpsched %d,%d:\n",ci1.fp_op,ci2.fp_op);
        ubyte x1 = ci1.fxch_pre;
        ubyte y1 = ci1.fxch_post;
        ubyte x2 = ci2.fxch_pre;
        ubyte y2 = ci2.fxch_post;

        static uint X(uint a, uint b) { return (a << 8) | b; }
        switch (X(ci1.fp_op,ci2.fp_op))
        {
            case X(FP.fstp, FP.fld):
                if (x1 || y1)
                    goto Lconflict;
                if (x2)
                    goto Lconflict;
                if (y2 == 0)
                    ci2.fxch_post++;
                else if (y2 == 1)
                {
                    ci2.fxch_pre++;
                    ci2.fxch_post++;
                }
                else
                {
                    goto Lconflict;
                }
                break;

            case X(FP.fstp, FP.fop):
                if (x1 || y1)
                    goto Lconflict;
                ci2.fxch_pre++;
                ci2.fxch_post++;
                break;

            case X(FP.fop, FP.fop):
                if (x1 == 0 && y1 == 1 && x2 == 0 && y2 == 0)
                {   ci2.fxch_pre = 1;
                    ci2.fxch_post = 1;
                    break;
                }
                if (x1 == 0 && y1 == 0 && x2 == 1 && y2 == 1)
                    break;
                goto Lconflict;

            case X(FP.fop, FP.fld):
                if (x1 || y1)
                    goto Lconflict;
                if (x2)
                    goto Lconflict;
                if (y2)
                    break;
                else if (fpsched == 2)
                    ci1.fxch_post = 1;
                ci2.fxch_post = 1;
                break;

            default:
                goto Lconflict;
        }

        //printf("\tpre = %d, post = %d\n",ci2.fxch_pre,ci2.fxch_post);
    }

    //printf("w1 = x%x, w2 = x%x\n",w1,w2);
    if (i) printf("no conflict\n\n");
    return 0;

Lconflict:
    //printf("r1=%x, w1=%x, r2=%x, w2=%x\n",r1,w1,r2,w2);
    delay_clocks = 0;

    // Determine if AGI
    if (!PRO && pair_agi(*ci1, *ci2))
        delay_clocks = 1;

    // Special delays for floating point
    if (fpsched)
    {   if (ci1.fp_op == FP.fld && ci2.fp_op == FP.fstp)
            delay_clocks = 1;
        else if (ci1.fp_op == FP.fop && ci2.fp_op == FP.fstp)
            delay_clocks = 3;
        else if (ci1.fp_op == FP.fop && ci2.fp_op == FP.fop)
            delay_clocks = 2;
    }
    else if (PRO)
    {
        // Look for partial register write stalls
        if (w1 & r2 & ALLREGS && sz1 < sz2)
            delay_clocks = 7;
    }
    else if ((w1 | r1) & (w2 | r2) & (C | S))
    {
        int op = c1.Iop;
        int reg = c1.Irm & modregrm(0,7,0);
        if (ci1.fp_op == FP.fld ||
            (op == 0xD9 && (c1.Irm & 0xF8) == 0xC0)
           )
        { }                             // FLD
        else if (op == 0xD9 && (c1.Irm & 0xF8) == 0xC8)
        { }                             // FXCH
        else if (c2.Iop == 0xD9 && (c2.Irm & 0xF8) == 0xC8)
        { }                             // FXCH
        else
            delay_clocks = 3;
    }

    if (i) printf("conflict %d\n\n",delay_clocks);
    return 0x100 + delay_clocks;
}

enum TBLMAX = 2*3*20;        // must be divisible by both 2 and 3
                             // (U,V pipe in Pentium, 3 decode units
                             //  in Pentium Pro)

struct Schedule
{
nothrow:
    Cinfo*[TBLMAX] tbl;         // even numbers are U pipe, odd numbers are V
    int tblmax;                 // max number of slots used

    Cinfo[TBLMAX] cinfo;
    int cinfomax;

    Barray!(Cinfo*) stagelist;  // list of instructions in staging area

    int fpustackused;           // number of slots in FPU stack that are used

    @trusted
    void initialize(int fpustackinit)          // initialize scheduler
    {
        //printf("Schedule::initialize(fpustackinit = %d)\n", fpustackinit);
        memset(&this, 0, Schedule.sizeof);
        fpustackused = fpustackinit;
    }

    void dtor()
    {
        stagelist.dtor();
    }

code** assemble(code** pc)  // reassemble scheduled instructions
{
    code* c;

    debug
    if (debugs) printf("assemble:\n");

    assert(!*pc);

    // Try to insert the rest of the staged instructions
    size_t sli;
    for (sli = 0; sli < stagelist.length; ++sli)
    {
        Cinfo* ci = stagelist[sli];
        if (!ci)
            continue;
        if (!insert(ci))
            break;
    }

    // Get the instructions out of the schedule table
    assert(cast(uint)tblmax <= TBLMAX);
    for (int i = 0; i < tblmax; i++)
    {
        Cinfo* ci = tbl[i];

        debug
        if (debugs)
        {
            if (PRO)
            {   immutable char[4][3] tbl = [ "0  "," 1 ","  2" ];

                if (ci)
                    printf("%s %d ",tbl[i - ((i / 3) * 3)].ptr,ci.uops);
                else
                    printf("%s   ",tbl[i - ((i / 3) * 3)].ptr);
            }
            else
            {
                printf((i & 1) ? " V " : "U  ");
            }
            if (ci)
                ci.c.print();
            else
                printf("\n");
        }

        if (!ci)
            continue;
        fpustackused += ci.fpuadjust;
        //printf("stage()1: fpustackused = %d\n", fpustackused);
        c = ci.c;
        if (i == 0)
            c.Iflags |= CFtarg;        // by definition, first is always a jump target
        else
            c.Iflags &= ~CFtarg;       // the rest are not

        // Put in any FXCH prefix
        if (ci.fxch_pre)
        {   code* cf;
            assert(i);
            cf = gen2(null,0xD9,0xC8 + ci.fxch_pre);
            *pc = cf;
            pc = &cf.next;
        }

        *pc = c;
        do
        {
            assert(*pc != code_next(*pc));
            pc = &(*pc).next;
        } while (*pc);

        // Put in any FXCH postfix
        if (ci.fxch_post)
        {
            for (int j = i + 1; j < tblmax; j++)
            {   if (tbl[j])
                {   if (tbl[j].fxch_pre == ci.fxch_post)
                    {
                        tbl[j].fxch_pre = 0;           // they cancel each other out
                        goto L1;
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
            {   code* cf;
                cf = gen2(null,0xD9,0xC8 + ci.fxch_post);
                *pc = cf;
                pc = &cf.next;
            }
        }
    L1:
    }

    // Just append any instructions left in the staging area
    foreach (ci; stagelist[sli .. stagelist.length])
    {
        if (!ci)
            continue;

        debug
        if (debugs) { printf("appending: "); ci.c.print(); }

        *pc = ci.c;
        do
        {
            pc = &(*pc).next;

        } while (*pc);
        fpustackused += ci.fpuadjust;
        //printf("stage()2: fpustackused = %d\n", fpustackused);
    }
    stagelist.setLength(0);

    return pc;
}

/******************************
 * Insert c into scheduling table.
 * Returns:
 *      0       could not be scheduled; have to start a new one
 */

int insert(Cinfo* ci)
{   code* c;
    int clocks;
    int i;
    int ic = 0;
    int imin;
    targ_size_t offset;
    targ_size_t vpointer;
    int movesp = 0;
    int reg2 = -1;              // avoid "may be uninitialized" warning

    //printf("insert "); ci.c.print();
    //printf("insert() %d\n", fpustackused);
    c = ci.c;
    //printf("\tc.Iop %x\n",c.Iop);
    vpointer = c.IEV1.Vpointer;
    assert(cast(uint)tblmax <= TBLMAX);
    if (tblmax == TBLMAX)               // if out of space
        goto Lnoinsert;
    if (tblmax == 0)                    // if table is empty
    {   // Just stuff it in the first slot
        i = tblmax;
        goto Linsert;
    }
    else if (c.Iflags & (CFtarg | CFtarg2))
        // Jump targets can only be first in the scheduler
        goto Lnoinsert;

    // Special case of:
    //  PUSH reg1
    //  MOV  reg2,x[ESP]
    if (c.Iop == 0x8B &&
        (c.Irm & modregrm(3,0,7)) == modregrm(1,0,4) &&
        c.Isib == modregrm(0,4,SP) &&
        c.IFL1 == FL.const_ &&
        (cast(byte)c.IEV1.Vpointer) >= REGSIZE
       )
    {
        movesp = 1;                     // this is a MOV reg2,offset[ESP]
        offset = cast(byte)c.IEV1.Vpointer;
        reg2 = (c.Irm >> 3) & 7;
    }


    // Start at tblmax, and back up until we get a conflict
    ic = -1;
    imin = 0;
    for (i = tblmax; i >= 0; i--)
    {
        Cinfo* cit = tbl[i];
        if (!cit)
            continue;

        // Look for special case swap
        if (movesp &&
            (cit.c.Iop & ~7) == 0x50 &&               // if PUSH reg1
            (cit.c.Iop & 7) != reg2 &&                // if reg1 != reg2
            (cast(byte)c.IEV1.Vpointer) >= -cit.spadjust
           )
        {
            c.IEV1.Vpointer += cit.spadjust;
            //printf("\t1, spadjust = %d, ptr = x%x\n",cit.spadjust,c.IEV1.Vpointer);
            continue;
        }

        if (movesp &&
            cit.c.Iop == 0x83 &&
            cit.c.Irm == modregrm(3,5,SP) &&          // if SUB ESP,offset
            cit.c.IFL2 == FL.const_ &&
            (cast(byte)c.IEV1.Vpointer) >= -cit.spadjust
           )
        {
            //printf("\t2, spadjust = %d\n",cit.spadjust);
            c.IEV1.Vpointer += cit.spadjust;
            continue;
        }

        clocks = conflict(cit,ci,1);
        if (clocks)
        {   int j;

            ic = i;                     // where the conflict occurred
            clocks &= 0xFF;             // convert to delay count

            // Move forward the delay clocks
            if (clocks == 0)
                j = i + 1;
            else if (PRO)
                j = (((i + 3) / 3) * 3) + clocks * 3;
            else
            {   j = ((i + 2) & ~1) + clocks * 2;

                // It's possible we skipped over some AGI generating
                // instructions due to movesp.
                int k;
                for (k = i + 1; k < j; k++)
                {
                    if (k >= TBLMAX)
                        goto Lnoinsert;
                    if (tbl[k] && pair_agi(*tbl[k], *ci))
                    {
                        k = ((k + 2) & ~1) + 1;
                    }
                }
                j = k;
            }

            if (j >= TBLMAX)                    // exceed table size?
                goto Lnoinsert;
            imin = j;                           // first possible slot c can go in
            break;
        }
    }


    // Scan forward looking for a hole to put it in
    for (i = imin; i < TBLMAX; i++)
    {
        if (tbl[i])
        {
            // In case, due to movesp, we skipped over some AGI instructions
            if (!PRO && pair_agi(*tbl[i], *ci))
            {
                i = ((i + 2) & ~1) + 1;
                if (i >= TBLMAX)
                    goto Lnoinsert;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (PRO)
            {   int i0 = (i / 3) * 3;           // index of decode unit 0
                Cinfo* ci0;

                assert(((TBLMAX / 3) * 3) == TBLMAX);
                switch (i - i0)
                {
                    case 0:                     // i0 can handle any instruction
                        goto Linsert;
                    case 1:
                        ci0 = tbl[i0];
                        if (ci.uops > 1)
                        {
                            if (i0 >= imin && ci0.uops == 1)
                                goto L1;
                            i++;
                            break;
                        }
                        if (triple_test(*ci0,*ci,tbl[i0 + 2]))
                            goto Linsert;
                        break;
                    case 2:
                        ci0 = tbl[i0];
                        if (ci.uops > 1)
                        {
                            if (i0 >= imin && ci0.uops == 1)
                            {
                                if (i >= tblmax)
                                {   if (i + 1 >= TBLMAX)
                                        goto Lnoinsert;
                                    tblmax = i + 1;
                                }
                                tbl[i0 + 2] = tbl[i0 + 1];
                                tbl[i0 + 1] = ci0;
                                i = i0;
                                goto Linsert;
                            }
                            break;
                        }
                        if (tbl[i0 + 1] && triple_test(*ci0,*tbl[i0 + 1],ci))
                            goto Linsert;
                        break;
                    default:
                        assert(0);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                assert((TBLMAX & 1) == 0);
                if (i & 1)                      // if V pipe
                {
                    if (pair_test(*tbl[i - 1], *ci))
                    {
                        goto Linsert;
                    }
                    else if (i > imin && pair_test(*ci, *tbl[i - 1]))
                    {
                L1:
                        tbl[i] = tbl[i - 1];
                        if (i >= tblmax)
                            tblmax = i + 1;
                        i--;
                        //printf("\tswapping with x%02x\n",tbl[i + 1].c.Iop);
                        goto Linsert;
                    }
                }
                else                    // will always fit in U pipe
                {
                    assert(!tbl[i + 1]);        // because V pipe should be empty
                    goto Linsert;
                }
            }
        }
    }

Lnoinsert:
    //printf("\tnoinsert\n");
    c.IEV1.Vpointer = vpointer;  // reset to original value
    return 0;

Linsert:
    // Insert at location i
    assert(i < TBLMAX);
    assert(tblmax <= TBLMAX);
    tbl[i] = ci;
    //printf("\tinsert at location %d\n",i);

    // If it's a scheduled floating point code, we have to adjust
    // the FXCH values
    if (ci.fp_op)
    {
        ci.fxch_pre = 0;
        ci.fxch_post = 0;                      // start over again

        int fpu = fpustackused;
        for (int j = 0; j < tblmax; j++)
        {
            if (tbl[j])
            {
                fpu += tbl[j].fpuadjust;
                if (fpu >= 8)                   // if FPU stack overflow
                {   tbl[i] = null;
                    //printf("fpu stack overflow\n");
                    goto Lnoinsert;
                }
            }
        }

        for (int j = tblmax; j > i; j--)
        {
            if (j < TBLMAX && tbl[j])
                conflict(tbl[j],ci,2);
        }
    }

    if (movesp)
    {   // Adjust [ESP] offsets

        //printf("\tic = %d, inserting at %d\n",ic,i);
        assert(cast(uint)tblmax <= TBLMAX);
        for (int j = ic + 1; j < i; j++)
        {
            Cinfo* cit = tbl[j];
            if (cit)
            {
                c.IEV1.Vpointer -= cit.spadjust;
                //printf("\t3, spadjust = %d, ptr = x%x\n",cit.spadjust,c.IEV1.Vpointer);
            }
        }
    }
    if (i >= tblmax)
        tblmax = i + 1;

    // Now do a hack. Look back at immediately preceding instructions,
    // and see if we can swap with a push.
    if (0 && movesp)
    {
        while (1)
        {
            int j;
            for (j = 1; i > j; j++)
                if (tbl[i - j])
                    break;

            if (i >= j && tbl[i - j] &&
                   (tbl[i - j].c.Iop & ~7) == 0x50 &&       // if PUSH reg1
                   (tbl[i - j].c.Iop & 7) != reg2 &&  // if reg1 != reg2
                   cast(byte)c.IEV1.Vpointer >= REGSIZE)
            {
                //printf("\t-4 prec, i-j=%d, i=%d\n",i-j,i);
                assert(cast(uint)i < TBLMAX);
                assert(cast(uint)(i - j) < TBLMAX);
                tbl[i] = tbl[i - j];
                tbl[i - j] = ci;
                i -= j;
                c.IEV1.Vpointer -= REGSIZE;
            }
            else
                break;
        }
    }

    //printf("\tinsert\n");
    return 1;
}

/******************************
 * Insert c into staging area.
 * Params:
 *      c = instruction to stage
 * Returns:
 *      false if could not be scheduled; have to start a new one
 */

@trusted
bool stage(code* c)
{
    //printf("stage: "); c.print();
    if (cinfomax == TBLMAX)             // if out of space
        return false;
    auto ci = &cinfo[cinfomax++];
    *ci = getinfo(c);

    if (c.Iflags & (CFtarg | CFtarg2 | CFvolatile | CFvex))
    {
        // Insert anything in stagelist
        foreach (ref cs;  stagelist[])
        {
            if (cs)
            {
                if (!insert(cs))
                    return false;
                cs = null;
            }
        }
        return insert(ci) != 0;
    }

    // Look through stagelist, and insert any AGI conflicting instructions
    bool agi = false;
    foreach (ref cs; stagelist[])
    {
        if (cs)
        {
            if (pair_agi(*cs, *ci))
            {
                if (!insert(cs))
                    goto Lnostage;
                cs = null;
                agi = true;                    // we put out an AGI
            }
        }
    }

    // Look through stagelist, and insert any other conflicting instructions
    foreach (i, ref cs; stagelist[])
    {
        if (!cs)
            continue;
        if (conflict(cs,ci,0) &&                // if conflict
            !(cs.flags & ci.flags & CIFL.push))
        {
            if (cs.spadjust)
            {
                // We need to insert all previous adjustments to ESP
                foreach (ref ca; stagelist[0 .. i])
                {
                    if (ca && ca.spadjust)
                    {
                        if (!insert(ca))
                            goto Lnostage;
                        ca = null;
                    }
                }
            }

            if (!insert(cs))
                goto Lnostage;
            cs = null;
        }
    }

    // If floating point opcode, don't stage it, send it right out
    if (!agi && ci.flags & CIFL.nostage)
    {
        if (!insert(ci))
            goto Lnostage;
        return true;
    }

    stagelist.push(ci);         // append to staging list
    return true;

Lnostage:
    return false;
}

}



/********************************************
 * Snip off tail of instruction sequence.
 * Returns:
 *      next instruction (the tail) or
 *      null for no more instructions
 */

private code* csnip(code* c)
{
    if (c)
    {
        uint iflags = c.Iflags & CFclassinit;
        code** pc;
        while (1)
        {
            pc = &c.next;
            c = *pc;
            if (!c)
                break;
            if (c.Iflags & (CFtarg | CFtarg2))
                break;
            if (!(c.Iop == NOP ||
                  c.Iop == PSOP.linnum ||
                  c.Iflags & iflags))
                break;
        }
        *pc = null;
    }
    return c;
}


/******************************
 * Schedule Pentium instructions,
 * based on Steve Russell's algorithm.
 */

@trusted
private code* schedule(code* c,regm_t scratch)
{
    code* cresult = null;
    code** pctail = &cresult;
    Schedule sch = void;

    sch.initialize(0);                  // initialize scheduling table
    while (c)
    {
        if ((c.Iop == NOP ||
             ((c.Iop & PSOP.mask) == PSOP.root && c.Iop != PSOP.adjfpu) ||
             c.Iflags & CFclassinit) &&
            !(c.Iflags & (CFtarg | CFtarg2)))
        {   code* cn;

            // Just append this instruction to pctail and go to the next one
            *pctail = c;
            cn = code_next(c);
            c.next = null;
            pctail = &c.next;
            c = cn;
            continue;
        }

        //printf("init\n");
        sch.initialize(sch.fpustackused);       // initialize scheduling table

        while (c)
        {
            //printf("insert %p\n",c);
            if (!sch.stage(c))          // store c in scheduling table
                break;
            c = csnip(c);
        }

        //printf("assem %d\n",sch.tblmax);
        pctail = sch.assemble(pctail);  // reassemble instruction stream
    }
    sch.dtor();

    return cresult;
}

/**************************************************************************/

/********************************************
 * Replace any occurrence of r1 in EA with r2.
 */

private void repEA(code* c,uint r1,uint r2)
{
    uint mod,reg,rm;
    uint rmn;

    rmn = c.Irm;
    mod = rmn & 0xC0;
    reg = rmn & modregrm(0,7,0);
    rm =  rmn & 7;

    if (mod == 0xC0 && rm == r1)
    { }    //c.Irm = mod | reg | r2;
    else if (is32bitaddr(I32,c.Iflags) &&
        // If not disp32
        (rmn & modregrm(3,0,7)) != modregrm(0,0,5))
    {
        if (rm == 4)
        {   // SIB byte addressing
            uint sib;
            uint base;
            uint index;

            sib = c.Isib;
            base = sib & 7;
            index = (sib >> 3) & 7;
            if (base == r1 &&
                !(r1 == 5 && mod == 0) &&
                !(r2 == 5 && mod == 0)
               )
                base = r2;
            if (index == r1)
                index = r2;
            c.Isib = cast(ubyte)((sib & 0xC0) | (index << 3) | base);
        }
        else if (rm == r1)
        {
            if (r1 == BP && r2 == SP)
            {   // Replace [EBP] with [ESP]
                c.Irm = cast(ubyte)(mod | reg | 4);
                c.Isib = modregrm(0,4,SP);
            }
            else if (r2 == BP && mod == 0)
            {
                c.Irm = cast(ubyte)(modregrm(1,0,0) | reg | r2);
                c.IFL1 = FL.const_;
                c.IEV1.Vint = 0;
            }
            else
                c.Irm = cast(ubyte)(mod | reg | r2);
        }
    }
}

/******************************************
 * Instruction scheduler.
 * Input:
 *      c               list of instructions to schedule
 *      scratch         scratch registers we can use
 * Returns:
 *      revised list of scheduled instructions
 */

/******************************************
 * Swap c1 and c2.
 * c1 comes before c2.
 * Swap in place to not disturb addresses of jmp targets
 */

private void code_swap(code* c1,code* c2)
{   code cs;

    // Special case of:
    //  PUSH reg1
    //  MOV  reg2,x[ESP]
    //printf("code_swap(%x, %x)\n",c1,c2);
    if ((c1.Iop & ~7) == 0x50 &&
        c2.Iop == 0x8B &&
        (c2.Irm & modregrm(3,0,7)) == modregrm(1,0,4) &&
        c2.Isib == modregrm(0,4,SP) &&
        c2.IFL1 == FL.const_ &&
        (cast(byte)c2.IEV1.Vpointer) >= REGSIZE &&
        (c1.Iop & 7) != ((c2.Irm >> 3) & 7)
       )
        c2.IEV1.Vpointer -= REGSIZE;


    cs = *c2;
    *c2 = *c1;
    *c1 = cs;
    // Retain original CFtarg
    c1.Iflags = (c1.Iflags & ~(CFtarg | CFtarg2)) | (c2.Iflags & (CFtarg | CFtarg2));
    c2.Iflags = (c2.Iflags & ~(CFtarg | CFtarg2)) | (cs.Iflags & (CFtarg | CFtarg2));

    c1.next = c2.next;
    c2.next = cs.next;
}

private code* peephole(code* cstart,regm_t scratch)
{
    // Look for cases of:
    //  MOV r1,r2
    //  OP ?,r1
    // we can replace with:
    //  MOV r1,r2
    //  OP ?,r2
    // to improve pairing
    code* c1;
    uint r1,r2;
    uint mod,reg,rm;

    //printf("peephole\n");
    for (code* c = cstart; c; c = c1)
    {
        ubyte rmn;

        //c.print();
        c1 = cnext(c);
    Ln:
        if (!c1)
            break;
        if (c1.Iflags & (CFtarg | CFtarg2))
            continue;

        // Do:
        //      PUSH    reg
        if (I32 && (c.Iop & ~7) == 0x50)
        {
            uint regx = c.Iop & 7;

            //  MOV     [ESP],regx       =>      NOP
            if (c1.Iop == 0x8B &&
                c1.Irm == modregrm(0,regx,4) &&
                c1.Isib == modregrm(0,4,SP))
            {   c1.Iop = NOP;
                continue;
            }

            //  PUSH    [ESP]           =>      PUSH    regx
            if (c1.Iop == 0xFF &&
                c1.Irm == modregrm(0,6,4) &&
                c1.Isib == modregrm(0,4,SP))
            {   c1.Iop = 0x50 + regx;
                continue;
            }

            //  CMP     [ESP],imm       =>      CMP     regx,i,,
            if (c1.Iop == 0x83 &&
                c1.Irm == modregrm(0,7,4) &&
                c1.Isib == modregrm(0,4,SP))
            {   c1.Irm = modregrm(3,7,regx);
                if (c1.IFL2 == FL.const_ && cast(byte)c1.IEV2.Vuns == 0)
                {   // to TEST regx,regx
                    c1.Iop = (c1.Iop & 1) | 0x84;
                    c1.Irm = modregrm(3,regx,regx);
                }
                continue;
            }

        }

        // Do:
        //      MOV     reg,[ESP]       =>      PUSH    reg
        //      ADD     ESP,4           =>      NOP
        if (I32 && c.Iop == 0x8B && (c.Irm & 0xC7) == modregrm(0,0,4) &&
            c.Isib == modregrm(0,4,SP) &&
            c1.Iop == 0x83 && (c1.Irm & 0xC7) == modregrm(3,0,SP) &&
            !(c1.Iflags & CFpsw) && c1.IFL2 == FL.const_ && c1.IEV2.Vint == 4)
        {
            uint regx = (c.Irm >> 3) & 7;
            c.Iop = 0x58 + regx;
            c1.Iop = NOP;
            continue;
        }

        // Combine two SUBs of the same register
        if (c.Iop == c1.Iop &&
            c.Iop == 0x83 &&
            (c.Irm & 0xC0) == 0xC0 &&
            (c.Irm & modregrm(3,0,7)) == (c1.Irm & modregrm(3,0,7)) &&
            !(c1.Iflags & CFpsw) &&
            c.IFL2 == FL.const_ && c1.IFL2 == FL.const_
           )
        {   int i = cast(byte)c.IEV2.Vint;
            int i1 = cast(byte)c1.IEV2.Vint;
            switch ((c.Irm & modregrm(0,7,0)) | ((c1.Irm & modregrm(0,7,0)) >> 3))
            {
                case (0 << 3) | 0:              // ADD, ADD
                case (5 << 3) | 5:              // SUB, SUB
                    i += i1;
                    goto Laa;
                case (0 << 3) | 5:              // ADD, SUB
                case (5 << 3) | 0:              // SUB, ADD
                    i -= i1;
                    goto Laa;
                Laa:
                    if (cast(byte)i != i)
                        c.Iop &= ~2;
                    c.IEV2.Vint = i;
                    c1.Iop = NOP;
                    if (i == 0)
                        c.Iop = NOP;
                    continue;

                default:
                    break;
            }
        }

        if (c.Iop == 0x8B && (c.Irm & 0xC0) == 0xC0)    // MOV r1,r2
        {   r1 = (c.Irm >> 3) & 7;
            r2 = c.Irm & 7;
        }
        else if (c.Iop == 0x89 && (c.Irm & 0xC0) == 0xC0)   // MOV r1,r2
        {   r1 = c.Irm & 7;
            r2 = (c.Irm >> 3) & 7;
        }
        else
        {
            continue;
        }

        rmn = c1.Irm;
        mod = rmn & 0xC0;
        reg = rmn & modregrm(0,7,0);
        rm =  rmn & 7;
        if (c1.hasModregrm())
            repEA(c1,r1,r2);
        switch (c1.Iop)
        {
            case 0x50:
            case 0x51:
            case 0x52:
            case 0x53:
            case 0x54:
            case 0x55:
            case 0x56:
            case 0x57:                          // PUSH reg
                if ((c1.Iop & 7) == r1)
                {   c1.Iop = 0x50 | r2;
                    //printf("schedule PUSH reg\n");
                }
                break;

            case 0x81:
            case 0x83:
                // Look for CMP EA,imm
                if (reg == modregrm(0,7,0))
                {
                    if (mod == 0xC0 && rm == r1)
                        c1.Irm = cast(ubyte)(mod | reg | r2);
                }
                break;

            case 0x84:                  // TEST reg,byte ptr EA
                if (r1 >= 4 || r2 >= 4) // if not a byte register
                    break;
                if ((rmn & 0xC0) == 0xC0)
                {
                    if ((rmn & 3) == r1)
                    {   c1.Irm = rmn = cast(ubyte)((rmn & modregrm(3,7,4)) | r2);
                        //printf("schedule 1\n");
                    }
                }
                if ((rmn & modregrm(0,3,0)) == modregrm(0,r1,0))
                {   c1.Irm = (rmn & modregrm(3,4,7)) | modregrm(0,r2,0);
                    //printf("schedule 2\n");
                }
                break;
            case 0x85:                  // TEST reg,word ptr EA
                if ((rmn & 0xC0) == 0xC0)
                {
                    if ((rmn & 7) == r1)
                    {   c1.Irm = rmn = cast(ubyte)((rmn & modregrm(3,7,0)) | r2);
                        //printf("schedule 3\n");
                    }
                }
                if ((rmn & modregrm(0,7,0)) == modregrm(0,r1,0))
                {   c1.Irm = (rmn & modregrm(3,0,7)) | modregrm(0,r2,0);
                    //printf("schedule 4\n");
                }
                break;

            case 0x89:                  // MOV EA,reg
                if ((rmn & modregrm(0,7,0)) == modregrm(0,r1,0))
                {   c1.Irm = (rmn & modregrm(3,0,7)) | modregrm(0,r2,0);
                    //printf("schedule 5\n");
                    if (c1.Irm == modregrm(3,r2,r2))
                        goto Lnop;
                }
                break;

            case 0x8B:                  // MOV reg,EA
                if ((rmn & 0xC0) == 0xC0 &&
                    (rmn & 7) == r1)            // if EA == r1
                {   c1.Irm = cast(ubyte)((rmn & modregrm(3,7,0)) | r2);
                    //printf("schedule 6\n");
                    if (c1.Irm == modregrm(3,r2,r2))
                        goto Lnop;
                }
                break;

            case 0x3C:                  // CMP AL,imm8
                if (r1 == AX && r2 < 4)
                {   c1.Iop = 0x80;
                    c1.Irm = modregrm(3,7,r2);
                    //printf("schedule 7, r2 = %d\n", r2);
                }
                break;

            case 0x3D:                  // CMP AX,imm16
                if (r1 == AX)
                {   c1.Iop = 0x81;
                    c1.Irm = modregrm(3,7,r2);
                    if (c1.IFL2 == FL.const_ &&
                        c1.IEV2.Vuns == cast(byte)c1.IEV2.Vuns)
                        c1.Iop = 0x83;
                    //printf("schedule 8\n");
                }
                break;

            default:
                break;
        }
        continue;
Lnop:
        c1.Iop = NOP;
        c1 = cnext(c1);
        goto Ln;
    }
    return cstart;
}

/*****************************************************************/

/**********************************************
 * Replace complex instructions with simple ones more conducive
 * to scheduling.
 */

@trusted
code* simpleops(code* c,regm_t scratch)
{   code* cstart;
    uint reg;
    code* c2;

    // Worry about using registers not saved yet by prolog
    scratch &= ~fregsaved;

    if (!(scratch & (scratch - 1)))     // if 0 or 1 registers
        return c;

    reg = findreg(scratch);

    cstart = c;
    for (code** pc = &cstart; *pc; pc = &(*pc).next)
    {
        c = *pc;
        if (c.Iflags & (CFtarg | CFtarg2 | CFopsize))
            continue;
        if (c.Iop == 0x83 &&
            (c.Irm & modregrm(0,7,0)) == modregrm(0,7,0) &&
            (c.Irm & modregrm(3,0,0)) != modregrm(3,0,0)
           )
        {   // Replace CMP mem,imm with:
            //  MOV reg,mem
            //  CMP reg,imm
            targ_long imm;

            //printf("replacing CMP\n");
            c.Iop = 0x8B;
            c.Irm = (c.Irm & modregrm(3,0,7)) | modregrm(0,reg,0);

            c2 = code_calloc();
            if (reg == AX)
                c2.Iop = 0x3D;
            else
            {   c2.Iop = 0x83;
                c2.Irm = modregrm(3,7,reg);
            }
            c2.IFL2 = c.IFL2;
            c2.IEV2 = c.IEV2;

            // See if c2 should be replaced by a TEST
            imm = c2.IEV2.Vuns;
            if (!(c2.Iop & 1))
                imm &= 0xFF;
            else if (I32 ? c.Iflags & CFopsize : !(c.Iflags & CFopsize))
                imm = cast(short) imm;
            if (imm == 0)
            {
                c2.Iop = 0x85;                 // TEST reg,reg
                c2.Irm = modregrm(3,reg,reg);
            }
            goto L1;
        }
        else if (c.Iop == 0xFF &&
            (c.Irm & modregrm(0,7,0)) == modregrm(0,6,0) &&
            (c.Irm & modregrm(3,0,0)) != modregrm(3,0,0)
           )
        {   // Replace PUSH mem with:
            //  MOV reg,mem
            //  PUSH reg

           // printf("replacing PUSH\n");
            c.Iop = 0x8B;
            c.Irm = (c.Irm & modregrm(3,0,7)) | modregrm(0,reg,0);

            c2 = gen1(null,0x50 + reg);
        L1:
//c.print();
//c2.print();
            c2.next = c.next;
            c.next = c2;

            // Switch to another reg
            if (scratch & ~mask(reg))
                reg = findreg(scratch & ~mask(reg));
        }
    }
    return cstart;
}
