Change Log: 2.105.0 - D Programming Language

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# Change Log: 2.105.0

Download D 2.105.0
released Aug 01, 2023

2.105.0 comes with 11 major changes and 59 fixed Bugzilla issues. A huge thanks goes to the 34 contributors who made 2.105.0 possible.

#### Compiler changes

1. Assignment-style syntax is now allowed for alias this
2. Catch clause must take only const or mutable exceptions
3. Functions can no longer have enum storage class
4. Overloading extern(C) functions is now an error
5. Deprecation phase ended for access to private method when overloaded with public method.
6. Added predefined version identifier VisionOS

#### Runtime changes

1. Linux input header translations were added to druntime
2. Integration with the Valgrind memcheck tool has been added to the garbage collector

#### Library changes

1. Better static assert messages for std.algorithm.iteration.permutations
2. Added std.system.instructionSetArchitecture and std.system.ISA

#### Dub changes

1. Exposed --d-versions CLI flag

List of all bug fixes and enhancements in D 2.105.0.

#### Compiler changes

1. Assignment-style syntax is now allowed for alias this

   alias this declarations can now be written using the same alias new = old; syntax as other alias declarations.

       struct S
       {
           int n;
           alias this = n;
           // Equivalent to:
           //alias n this;
       }

2. Catch clause must take only const or mutable exceptions

   In 2.104, throwing qualified types was deprecated.

   It is also unsafe to catch an exception as immutable, inout or shared. This is because the exception may still be accessible through another mutable or non-shared reference. Catching an exception with those qualifiers is now deprecated.

       auto e = new Exception("first");
       try {
               throw e;
       } catch(immutable Exception ie) { // now an error
               e.msg = "second";
               assert(ie.msg == "first"); // would fail
       }

3. Functions can no longer have enum storage class

   enum on a function declaration had no effect other than being equivalent to the auto storage class when no return type was present. That syntax could be confused with enum manifest constants and is now an error:

       enum void f1() { }  // error
       enum f2() { }       // error

   Instead, remove enum and use auto where necessary:

       void f1() { }
       auto f2() { }

4. Overloading extern(C) functions is now an error

   Since 2.095.0, defining the same function multiple times in a module is not allowed, since it would result in symbol clashes at link time. Overloading a function with different parameter types is still allowed of course, and works because D mangles symbol names including parameter types. However, some external linkages (such as extern(C), extern(Windows)) don't do this, so overloading them can also result in symbol clashes at link time. Therefore, doing this was deprecated in that release as well.

   This deprecation now turned into an error. As a corrective action, give the function D or C++ linkage, or use a unique function name.

       // Error:
       extern(C) float square(float x) { return x * x; }
       extern(C) double square(double x) { return x * x; }

       // Corrective action:
       extern(C) float squaref(float x) { return x * x; }
       extern(C) double squared(double x) { return x * x; }

       // Or:
       float square(float x) { return x * x; }
       double square(double x) { return x * x; }

5. Deprecation phase ended for access to private method when overloaded with public method.

   When a private method was overloaded with a public method that came after it, you could access the private overload as if it was public.

   After a deprecation period starting with 2.094, this code is now an error.

   Example:

       struct Foo
       {
           private void test(int) { }
           public void test(string) { }
       }
       ...
       Foo().test(3);

6. Added predefined version identifier VisionOS

   This is Apple's new operating system for their VR/AR device Vision Pro.

#### Runtime changes

1. Linux input header translations were added to druntime

   These headers give access to the Linux Input Subsystem userspace API, which is used to read input from e.g. keyboards, touch screens, and game controllers, or to emulate input devices. You can now import them through core.sys.linux:

       import core.sys.linux.input; // linux/input.h
       import core.sys.linux.input_event_codes; // linux/input-event-codes.h
       import core.sys.linux.uinput; // linux/uinput.h

2. Integration with the Valgrind memcheck tool has been added to the garbage collector

   The garbage collector gained a compile-time option to enable integration with Valgrind's memcheck tool. When it is enabled, the GC will communicate with Valgrind and inform it which memory access operations are valid and which are not.

   The integration allows catching memory errors in D programs which mix safe (GC) and unsafe (manual) memory management, for example:

       import core.memory;

       void main()
       {
           auto arr = new int[3];
           GC.free(arr.ptr);
           arr[1] = 42; // use after free
       }

   To use it, obtain the DMD source code, then include the garbage collector and lifetime implementation into your program's compilation and compile with the -debug=VALGRIND option:

       git clone -b v2.105.0 --depth=1 https://github.com/dlang/dmd
       dmd -g -debug=VALGRIND program.d -Idmd/druntime/src dmd/druntime/src/{core/internal/gc/impl/conservative/gc,rt/lifetime,etc/valgrind/valgrind}.d
       valgrind --tool=memcheck ./program

   The option is compatible with other GC debugging build options, such as MEMSTOMP and SENTINEL.

   Dub users can try the following equivalent recipe:

       git clone -b v2.105.0 --depth=1 https://github.com/dlang/dmd
       cat >> dub.sdl <<EOF
       debugVersions "VALGRIND"
       sourceFiles "dmd/druntime/src/core/internal/gc/impl/conservative/gc.d"
       sourceFiles "dmd/druntime/src/rt/lifetime.d"
       sourceFiles "dmd/druntime/src/etc/valgrind/valgrind.d"
       importPaths "dmd/druntime/src"
       EOF
       dub build
       valgrind --tool=memcheck ./program

#### Library changes

1. Better static assert messages for std.algorithm.iteration.permutations

   Until now, permutations used a template constraint to check if the passed types could be used. If they were not, it was very tedious to figure out why.

   As the template constraint is not used for overload resolution the constrains are moved into static asserts with expressive error messages.

2. Added std.system.instructionSetArchitecture and std.system.ISA

   A new enum representing the instruction set architecture for the targeted system was added. It is intended for cases where a targeted CPU's ISA is only needed at runtime, such as providing human-readable messages as demonstrated below.

       import std.stdio;
       import std.system;

       void main()
       {
           writeln("Hello ", instructionSetArchitecture, " world!");
       }

#### Dub changes

1. Exposed --d-versions CLI flag

   You can now specify --d-versions=Xyz to basically insert version = Xyz; into all D source files. This is the same as specifying versions in your dub.sdl / dub.json file, but from the CLI and unrelated to any build types or configurations.

List of all bug fixes and enhancements in D 2.105.0:

#### DMD Compiler regression fixes

1. Bugzilla 22427: betterC: casting an array causes linker error in string comparison.
2. Bugzilla 24018: array concatenation doesn't work with disabled default construction

#### DMD Compiler bug fixes

1. Bugzilla 7184: parse error on *(x)++
2. Bugzilla 11612: Inconsistent error on negative new array size
3. Bugzilla 13063: enum is allowed as storage class for functions
4. Bugzilla 16384: Invariant not called with multiple defined.
5. Bugzilla 18528: dmd should deduplicate identical errors
6. Bugzilla 20008: __traits(allMembers) of packages is complete nonsense
7. Bugzilla 20687: Allow member function address as const initializer
8. Bugzilla 21415: catch immutable exceptions breaks immutable
9. Bugzilla 21425: Using va_start twice results in wrong values
10. Bugzilla 23719: runnable/test22071.c:22:16: error: ‘abc’ is a pointer; did you mean to use ‘->’?
11. Bugzilla 23857: backend inliner takes too long on recursive function call
12. Bugzilla 23870: ImportC doesn't accept '' followed by newline, whereas VC does
13. Bugzilla 23875: ImportC: __attribute__ in a cast doesn't work
14. Bugzilla 23879: ImportC: Windows system headers use __alignof
15. Bugzilla 23880: ImportC: __attribute__((vector_size(N))) is not implemented
16. Bugzilla 23885: [CI] C++ interop tests with g++ fail
17. Bugzilla 23900: @safe is allowed in inline asm
18. Bugzilla 23908: confusing nonexistent import hint on cyclic import
19. Bugzilla 23912: Destructor disables scope inference
20. Bugzilla 23914: "auto ref" resolution on return value prevented by noreturn (bottom type)
21. Bugzilla 23935: ImportC: __pragma not allowed between struct and tag name
22. Bugzilla 23936: ImportC: pragma pack is not working for structs
23. Bugzilla 23947: If a class overloads a method mixing private and public and the last overload is public, the method is always public.
24. Bugzilla 23968: Deprecation not emitted with alias to template function in UFCS
25. Bugzilla 23988: Conditional Exp does not bring enums to correct common type if one leg is const
26. Bugzilla 24010: Destructor called before end of scope for tuples
27. Bugzilla 24017: [UFCS] Bypassing nothrow with debug doesn’t work
28. Bugzilla 24024: cannot pass class this to ref class
29. Bugzilla 24025: Expressions contained in parentheses should not be assumed to be C casts
30. Bugzilla 24029: ImportC: symbol name clash on statement expressions

#### DMD Compiler enhancements

1. Bugzilla 4663: Wrong 'static' position error message
2. Bugzilla 15436: Compiler still refers to AliasSeq-s as "tuple"-s (and TypeTuple?)
3. Bugzilla 23475: confusing printf deprecation message with ulong/long on Windows
4. Bugzilla 23871: ImportC: __attribute not recognized
5. Bugzilla 23877: ImportC: Importing byteswap.h results in undefined reference to core.bitop.byteswap
6. Bugzilla 23886: ImportC preprocessor directive #ident not supported
7. Bugzilla 23928: improve error msg: scope variable s assigned to non-scope parameter this calling abc
8. Bugzilla 23931: Error: reference to local variable this calling non-scope member function this.this()
9. Bugzilla 23948: __FILE__ and __MODULE__ cannot be implicitly converted to const(char)* as default paramenter
10. Bugzilla 23971: Provide clearer error message when trying to return a slice with C++ linkage
11. Bugzilla 24000: show the open bracket "{" location for Error: matching } expected, not End of File
12. Bugzilla 24023: Unnecessary module prefix in error message types

#### Phobos bug fixes

1. Bugzilla 23361: std.uni.normalize should be pure
2. Bugzilla 23844: chain(only) doesn't support immutable structs
3. Bugzilla 23940: std.getopt does not assert with options that only differ in case with config.caseInsensitive
4. Bugzilla 23997: isClose(1, -double.infinity) returns true
5. Bugzilla 24028: BigInt power operator ignores sign of exponent

#### Phobos enhancements

1. Bugzilla 23881: std.system has no function for system architecture
2. Bugzilla 23922: [std.socket]

#### Druntime bug fixes

1. Bugzilla 23312: Crash when calling writeln in WinMain

#### Druntime enhancements

1. Bugzilla 23980: OpenBSD: Add getthrname(2) and setthrname(2) to unistd.d
2. Bugzilla 24044: Support float opCmp(...) with array

#### dlang.org bug fixes

1. Bugzilla 23692: ImportC: __pragma and __declspec are not documented as supported Visual C extensions
2. Bugzilla 23697: No examples of invalid forward references in C code accepted by ImportC
3. Bugzilla 23946: specifications state that "there can only be one destructor" which can be confusing because of mixin templates

#### dlang.org enhancements

1. Bugzilla 5636: Array ops use lexicographic comparison instead of vector-style element-wise
2. Bugzilla 23571: Discussion of manifest constants in enum documentation is confusing at best

### Contributors to this release (34)

A huge thanks goes to all the awesome people who made this release possible.

- Amaury
- Ate Eskola
- Atila Neves
- Basile Burg
- Boris Carvajal
- Brian Callahan
- Cameron Ross
- Dante Broggi
- Dennis
- Dennis Korpel
- Dmytro Katyukha
- Ernesto Castellotti
- Iain Buclaw
- Jacob Carlborg
- Jan Jurzitza
- Johan Engelen
- Lucian Danescu
- Lucipetus
- Luís Ferreira
- Martin Kinkelin
- Mathis Beer
- mhh
- Mike Parker
- Nicholas Wilson
- Nick Treleaven
- Paul Backus
- Petar Kirov
- Quirin F. Schroll
- Razvan Nitu
- Robert burner Schadek
- Teodor Dutu
- Tim Schendekehl
- Vladimir Panteleev
- Walter Bright

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