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# std.outbuffer

Serialize data to ubyte arrays.
License:
Boost License 1.0.
Authors:
Walter Bright

Source std/outbuffer.d

class `OutBuffer`;
  OutBuffer provides a way to build up an array of bytes out of raw data. It is useful for things like preparing an array of bytes to write out to a file. OutBuffer's byte order is the format native to the computer. To control the byte order (endianness), use a class derived from OutBuffer. OutBuffer's internal buffer is allocated with the GC. Pointers stored into the buffer are scanned by the GC, but you have to ensure proper alignment, e.g. by using alignSize((void*).sizeof).
  Examples:

      import std.string : cmp;

      OutBuffer buf = new OutBuffer();

      writeln(buf.offset); // 0
      buf.write("hello");
      buf.write(cast(byte) 0x20);
      buf.write("world");
      buf.printf(" %d", 62665);
      writeln(cmp(buf.toString(), "hello world 62665")); // 0

      buf.clear();
      writeln(cmp(buf.toString(), "")); // 0
      buf.write("New data");
      writeln(cmp(buf.toString(), "New data")); // 0

  inout pure nothrow scope @safe inout(ubyte)[] `toBytes`();
    Convert to array of bytes.
  pure nothrow @trusted void `reserve`(size_t `nbytes`);
    Preallocate nbytes more to the size of the internal buffer.
    This is a speed optimization, a good guess at the maximum size of the resulting buffer will improve performance by eliminating reallocations and copying.
  alias `put` = write;
    put enables OutBuffer to be used as an OutputRange.
  pure nothrow @safe void `write`(scope const(ubyte)[] `bytes`);
  pure nothrow @safe void `write`(byte `b`);
  pure nothrow @safe void `write`(char `c`);
  pure nothrow @safe void `write`(dchar `c`);
  pure nothrow @safe void `write`(short `s`);
  pure nothrow @safe void `write`(int `i`);
  pure nothrow @safe void `write`(long `l`);
    Append data to the internal buffer.
  pure nothrow @safe void `fill`(size_t `nbytes`, ubyte `val` = 0);
    Append nbytes of val to the internal buffer.
    Parameters:

    size_t `nbytes` | Number of bytes to fill.
    ubyte `val` | Value to fill, defaults to 0.

  pure nothrow @safe void `fill0`(size_t `nbytes`);
    Append nbytes of 0 to the internal buffer.

    Param nbytes - number of bytes to fill.

  pure nothrow @safe void `alignSize`(size_t `alignsize`, ubyte `val` = 0);
    Append bytes until the buffer aligns on a power of 2 boundary.
    By default fills with 0 bytes.
    Parameters:

    size_t `alignsize` | Alignment value. Must be power of 2.
    ubyte `val` | Value to fill, defaults to 0.

    Examples:

        OutBuffer buf = new OutBuffer();
        buf.write(cast(ubyte) 1);
        buf.align2();
        writeln(buf.toBytes()); // "\x01\x00"
        buf.write(cast(ubyte) 2);
        buf.align4();
        writeln(buf.toBytes()); // "\x01\x00\x02\x00"
        buf.write(cast(ubyte) 3);
        buf.alignSize(8);
        writeln(buf.toBytes()); // "\x01\x00\x02\x00\x03\x00\x00\x00"

    Examples:
    ditto

        OutBuffer buf = new OutBuffer();
        buf.write(cast(ubyte) 1);
        buf.align2(0x55);
        writeln(buf.toBytes()); // "\x01\x55"
        buf.write(cast(ubyte) 2);
        buf.align4(0x55);
        writeln(buf.toBytes()); // "\x01\x55\x02\x55"
        buf.write(cast(ubyte) 3);
        buf.alignSize(8, 0x55);
        writeln(buf.toBytes()); // "\x01\x55\x02\x55\x03\x55\x55\x55"

  pure nothrow @safe void `clear`();
    Clear the data in the buffer
  pure nothrow @safe void `align2`(ubyte `val` = 0);
    Optimize common special case alignSize(2)
    Parameters:

    ubyte `val` | Value to fill, defaults to 0.

  pure nothrow @safe void `align4`(ubyte `val` = 0);
    Optimize common special case alignSize(4)
    Parameters:

    ubyte `val` | Value to fill, defaults to 0.

  const pure nothrow @safe string `toString`();
    Convert internal buffer to array of chars.
  nothrow @trusted void `vprintf`(scope string `format`, va_list `args`);
    Append output of C's vprintf() to internal buffer.
  @trusted void `printf`(scope string `format`, ...);
    Append output of C's printf() to internal buffer.
  void `writef`(Char, A...)(scope const(Char)[] `fmt`, A `args`);
  void `writef`(alias fmt, A...)(A `args`)
  if (isSomeString!(typeof(fmt)));
    Formats and writes its arguments in text format to the OutBuffer.
    Parameters:

    const(Char)[] `fmt` | format string as described in std.format.formattedWrite
    A `args` | arguments to be formatted

    See Also:
    std.stdio.writef; std.format.formattedWrite;
    Examples:

        OutBuffer b = new OutBuffer();
        b.writef("a%sb", 16);
        writeln(b.toString()); // "a16b"

    Examples:

        OutBuffer b = new OutBuffer();
        b.writef!"a%sb"(16);
        writeln(b.toString()); // "a16b"

  void `writefln`(Char, A...)(scope const(Char)[] `fmt`, A `args`);
  void `writefln`(alias fmt, A...)(A `args`)
  if (isSomeString!(typeof(fmt)));
    Formats and writes its arguments in text format to the OutBuffer, followed by a newline.
    Parameters:

    const(Char)[] `fmt` | format string as described in std.format.formattedWrite
    A `args` | arguments to be formatted

    See Also:
    std.stdio.writefln; std.format.formattedWrite;
    Examples:

        OutBuffer b = new OutBuffer();
        b.writefln("a%sb", 16);
        writeln(b.toString()); // "a16b\n"

    Examples:

        OutBuffer b = new OutBuffer();
        b.writefln!"a%sb"(16);
        writeln(b.toString()); // "a16b\n"

  pure nothrow @safe void `spread`(size_t `index`, size_t `nbytes`);
    At offset index into buffer, create nbytes of space by shifting upwards all data past index.

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