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# std.experimental.allocator.building_blocks.aligned_block_list

AlignedBlockList represents a wrapper around a chain of allocators, allowing for fast deallocations and preserving a low degree of fragmentation by means of aligned allocations.

Source std/experimental/allocator/building_blocks/aligned_block_list.d

struct `AlignedBlockList`(Allocator, ParentAllocator, ulong theAlignment = 1 << 21);
  `AlignedBlockList` represents a wrapper around a chain of allocators, allowing for fast deallocations and preserving a low degree of fragmentation. The allocator holds internally a doubly linked list of Allocator objects, which will serve allocations in a most-recently-used fashion. Most recent allocators used for allocate calls, will be moved to the front of the list.
  Although allocations are in theory served in linear searching time, deallocate calls take Ο(1) time, by using aligned allocations. ParentAllocator must implement alignedAllocate and it must be able to allocate theAlignment bytes at the same alignment. Each aligned allocation done by ParentAllocator will contain metadata for an Allocator, followed by its payload.
  Parameters:

  Allocator | the allocator which is used to manage each node; it must have a constructor which receives ubyte[] and it must not have any parent allocators, except for the NullAllocator
  ParentAllocator | each node draws memory from the parent allocator; it must support alignedAllocate
  theAlignment | alignment of each block and at the same time length of each node

  Examples:

      import std.experimental.allocator.building_blocks.ascending_page_allocator : AscendingPageAllocator;
      import std.experimental.allocator.building_blocks.segregator : Segregator;
      import std.experimental.allocator.building_blocks.bitmapped_block : BitmappedBlock;
      import std.typecons : Ternary;

      /*
      In this example we use 'AlignedBlockList' in conjunction with other allocators
      in order to create a more complex allocator.

      The 'SuperAllocator' uses a 'Segregator' to distribute allocations to sub-allocators,
      based on the requested size.

      Each sub-allocator is represented by an 'AlignedBlockList' of 'BitmappedBlocks'.
      Each 'AlignedBlockList' draws memory from a root allocator which in this case is an 'AscendingPageAllocator'

      Such an allocator not only provides good performance, but also a low degree of memory fragmentation.
      */
      alias SuperAllocator = Segregator!(
          32,
          AlignedBlockList!(BitmappedBlock!32, AscendingPageAllocator*, 1 << 12),
          Segregator!(

          64,
          AlignedBlockList!(BitmappedBlock!64, AscendingPageAllocator*, 1 << 12),
          Segregator!(

          128,
          AlignedBlockList!(BitmappedBlock!128, AscendingPageAllocator*, 1 << 12),
          AscendingPageAllocator*
      )));

      SuperAllocator a;
      auto pageAlloc = AscendingPageAllocator(128 * 4096);

      // Set the parent allocator for all the sub allocators
      a.allocatorForSize!256 = &pageAlloc;
      a.allocatorForSize!128.parent = &pageAlloc;
      a.allocatorForSize!64.parent = &pageAlloc;
      a.allocatorForSize!32.parent = &pageAlloc;

      enum testNum = 10;
      void[][testNum] buf;

      // Allocations of size 32 will go to the first 'AlignedBlockList'
      foreach (j; 0 .. testNum)
      {
          buf[j] = a.allocate(32);
          writeln(buf[j].length); // 32

          // This is owned by the first 'AlignedBlockList'
          writeln(a.allocatorForSize!32.owns(buf[j])); // Ternary.yes
      }

      // Free the memory
      foreach (j; 0 .. testNum)
          assert(a.deallocate(buf[j]));

      // Allocations of size 64 will go to the second 'AlignedBlockList'
      foreach (j; 0 .. testNum)
      {
          buf[j] = a.allocate(64);
          writeln(buf[j].length); // 64

          // This is owned by the second 'AlignedBlockList'
          writeln(a.allocatorForSize!64.owns(buf[j])); // Ternary.yes
      }

      // Free the memory
      foreach (j; 0 .. testNum)
          assert(a.deallocate(buf[j]));

      // Allocations of size 128 will go to the third 'AlignedBlockList'
      foreach (j; 0 .. testNum)
      {
          buf[j] = a.allocate(128);
          writeln(buf[j].length); // 128

          // This is owned by the third 'AlignedBlockList'
          writeln(a.allocatorForSize!128.owns(buf[j])); // Ternary.yes
      }

      // Free the memory
      foreach (j; 0 .. testNum)
          assert(a.deallocate(buf[j]));

      // Allocations which exceed 128, will go to the 'AscendingPageAllocator*'
      void[] b = a.allocate(256);
      writeln(b.length); // 256
      a.deallocate(b);

  void[] `allocate`(size_t `n`);
    Returns a chunk of memory of size `n` It finds the first node in the AlignedBlockNode list which has available memory, and moves it to the front of the list.
    All empty nodes which cannot return new memory, are removed from the list.
    Parameters:

    size_t `n` | bytes to allocate

    Returns:
    A chunk of memory of the required length or null on failure or
  bool `deallocate`(void[] `b`);
    Deallocates the buffer `b` given as parameter. Deallocations take place in constant time, regardless of the number of nodes in the list. `b`.ptr is rounded down to the nearest multiple of the alignment to quickly find the corresponding AlignedBlockNode.
    Parameters:

    void[] `b` | buffer candidate for deallocation

    Returns:
    true on success and false on failure
  Ternary `owns`(void[] `b`);
    Returns Ternary.yes if the buffer belongs to the parent allocator and Ternary.no otherwise.
    Parameters:

    void[] `b` | buffer tested if owned by this allocator

    Returns:
    Ternary.yes if owned by this allocator and Ternary.no otherwise
struct `SharedAlignedBlockList`(Allocator, ParentAllocator, ulong theAlignment = 1 << 21);
  `SharedAlignedBlockList` is the threadsafe version of AlignedBlockList. The Allocator template parameter must refer a shared allocator. Also, ParentAllocator must be a shared allocator, supporting alignedAllocate.
  Parameters:

  Allocator | the shared allocator which is used to manage each node; it must have a constructor which receives ubyte[] and it must not have any parent allocators, except for the NullAllocator
  ParentAllocator | each node draws memory from the parent allocator; it must be shared and support alignedAllocate
  theAlignment | alignment of each block and at the same time length of each node

  Examples:

      import std.experimental.allocator.building_blocks.region : SharedBorrowedRegion;
      import std.experimental.allocator.building_blocks.ascending_page_allocator : SharedAscendingPageAllocator;
      import std.experimental.allocator.building_blocks.null_allocator : NullAllocator;
      import core.thread : ThreadGroup;

      enum numThreads = 8;
      enum size = 2048;
      enum maxIter = 10;

      /*
      In this example we use 'SharedAlignedBlockList' together with
      'SharedBorrowedRegion', in order to create a fast, thread-safe allocator.
      */
      alias SuperAllocator = SharedAlignedBlockList!(
              SharedBorrowedRegion!(1),
              SharedAscendingPageAllocator,
              4096);

      SuperAllocator a;
      // The 'SuperAllocator' will draw memory from a 'SharedAscendingPageAllocator'
      a.parent = SharedAscendingPageAllocator(4096 * 1024);

      // Launch 'numThreads', each performing allocations
      void fun()
      {
          foreach (i; 0 .. maxIter)
          {
              void[] b = a.allocate(size);
              writeln(b.length); // size
          }
      }

      auto tg = new ThreadGroup;
      foreach (i; 0 .. numThreads)
      {
          tg.create(&fun);
      }
      tg.joinAll();

  void[] `allocate`(size_t `n`);
    Returns a chunk of memory of size `n` It finds the first node in the AlignedBlockNode list which has available memory, and moves it to the front of the list.
    All empty nodes which cannot return new memory, are removed from the list.
    Parameters:

    size_t `n` | bytes to allocate

    Returns:
    A chunk of memory of the required length or null on failure or
  bool `deallocate`(void[] `b`);
    Deallocates the buffer `b` given as parameter. Deallocations take place in constant time, regardless of the number of nodes in the list. `b`.ptr is rounded down to the nearest multiple of the alignment to quickly find the corresponding AlignedBlockNode.
    Parameters:

    void[] `b` | buffer candidate for deallocation

    Returns:
    true on success and false on failure
  Ternary `owns`(void[] `b`);
    Returns Ternary.yes if the buffer belongs to the parent allocator and Ternary.no otherwise.
    Parameters:

    void[] `b` | buffer tested if owned by this allocator

    Returns:
    Ternary.yes if owned by this allocator and Ternary.no otherwise

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