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# Phobos Runtime Library

Phobos is the standard runtime library that comes with the D language compiler.

Generally, the std namespace is used for the main modules in the Phobos standard library. The etc namespace is used for external C/C++ library bindings. The core namespace is used for low-level D runtime functions.

The following table is a quick reference guide for which Phobos modules to use for a given category of functionality. Note that some modules may appear in more than one category, as some Phobos modules are quite generic and can be applied in a variety of situations.

Modules | Description
--- | ---
Algorithms & ranges
std.algorithm std.range std.range.primitives std.range.interfaces | Generic algorithms that work with ranges of any type, including strings, arrays, and other kinds of sequentially-accessed data. Algorithms include searching, comparison, iteration, sorting, set operations, and mutation.
Array manipulation
std.array std.algorithm | Convenient operations commonly used with built-in arrays. Note that many common array operations are subsets of more generic algorithms that work with arbitrary ranges, so they are found in std.algorithm.
Containers
std.container.array std.container.binaryheap std.container.dlist std.container.rbtree std.container.slist | See std.container.* for an overview.
Data formats
std.base64 | Encoding / decoding Base64 format.
std.csv | Read Comma Separated Values and its variants from an input range of dchar.
std.json | Read/write data in JSON format.
std.xml | Read/write data in XML format.
std.zip | Read/write data in the ZIP archive format.
std.zlib | Compress/decompress data using the zlib library.
Data integrity
std.checkedint | Checked integral types.
std.digest | Compute digests such as md5, sha1 and crc32.
std.digest.crc | Cyclic Redundancy Check (32-bit) implementation.
std.digest.hmac | Compute HMAC digests of arbitrary data.
std.digest.md | Compute MD5 hash of arbitrary data.
std.digest.murmurhash | Compute MurmurHash of arbitrary data.
std.digest.ripemd | Compute RIPEMD-160 hash of arbitrary data.
std.digest.sha | Compute SHA1 and SHA2 hashes of arbitrary data.
Date & time
std.datetime | Provides convenient access to date and time representations.
core.time | Implements low-level time primitives.
Exception handling
std.exception | Implements routines related to exceptions.
core.exception | Defines built-in exception types and low-level language hooks required by the compiler.
External library bindings
etc.c.curl | Interface to libcurl C library.
etc.c.odbc.sql | Interface to ODBC C library.
etc.c.odbc.sqlext
etc.c.odbc.sqltypes
etc.c.odbc.sqlucode
etc.c.sqlite3 | Interface to SQLite C library.
etc.c.zlib | Interface to zlib C library.
I/O & File system
std.file | Manipulate files and directories.
std.path | Manipulate strings that represent filesystem paths.
std.stdio | Perform buffered I/O.
Interoperability
core.stdc.complex core.stdc.ctype core.stdc.errno core.stdc.fenv core.stdc.float_ core.stdc.inttypes core.stdc.limits core.stdc.locale core.stdc.math core.stdc.signal core.stdc.stdarg core.stdc.stddef core.stdc.stdint core.stdc.stdio core.stdc.stdlib core.stdc.string core.stdc.tgmath core.stdc.time core.stdc.wchar_ core.stdc.wctype | D bindings for standard C headers. These are mostly undocumented, as documentation for the functions these declarations provide bindings to can be found on external resources.
Memory management
core.memory | Control the built-in garbage collector.
std.typecons | Build scoped variables and reference-counted types.
Metaprogramming
core.attribute | Definitions of special attributes recognized by the compiler.
core.demangle | Convert mangled D symbol identifiers to source representation.
std.demangle | A simple wrapper around core.demangle.
std.meta | Construct and manipulate template argument lists (aka type lists).
std.traits | Extract information about types and symbols at compile time.
std.typecons | Construct new, useful general purpose types.
Multitasking
std.concurrency | Low level messaging API for threads.
std.parallelism | High level primitives for SMP parallelism.
std.process | Starting and manipulating processes.
core.atomic | Basic support for lock-free concurrent programming.
core.sync.barrier | Synchronize the progress of a group of threads.
core.sync.condition | Synchronized condition checking.
core.sync.exception | Base class for synchronization exceptions.
core.sync.mutex | Mutex for mutually exclusive access.
core.sync.rwmutex | Shared read access and mutually exclusive write access.
core.sync.semaphore | General use synchronization semaphore.
core.thread | Thread creation and management.
Networking
std.socket | Socket primitives.
std.net.curl | Networking client functionality as provided by libcurl.
std.net.isemail | Validates an email address according to RFCs 5321, 5322 and others.
std.uri | Encode and decode Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs).
std.uuid | Universally-unique identifiers for resources in distributed systems.
Numeric
std.bigint | An arbitrary-precision integer type.
std.complex | A complex number type.
std.math | Elementary mathematical functions (powers, roots, trigonometry).
std.mathspecial | Families of transcendental functions.
std.numeric | Floating point numerics functions.
std.random | Pseudo-random number generators.
core.checkedint | Range-checking integral arithmetic primitives.
core.math | Built-in mathematical intrinsics.
Paradigms
std.functional | Functions that manipulate other functions.
std.algorithm | Generic algorithms for processing sequences.
std.signals | Signal-and-slots framework for event-driven programming.
Runtime utilities
object | Core language definitions. Automatically imported.
std.getopt | Parsing of command-line arguments.
std.compiler | Host compiler vendor string and language version.
std.system | Runtime environment, such as OS type and endianness.
core.cpuid | Capabilities of the CPU the program is running on.
core.memory | Control the built-in garbage collector.
core.runtime | Control and configure the D runtime.
String manipulation
std.string | Algorithms that work specifically with strings.
std.array | Manipulate builtin arrays.
std.algorithm | Generic algorithms for processing sequences.
std.uni | Fundamental Unicode algorithms and data structures.
std.utf | Encode and decode UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32 strings.
std.format | Format data into strings.
std.path | Manipulate strings that represent filesystem paths.
std.regex | Regular expressions.
std.ascii | Routines specific to the ASCII subset of Unicode.
std.encoding | Handle and transcode between various text encodings.
std.windows.charset | Windows specific character set support.
std.outbuffer | Serialize data to ubyte arrays.
Type manipulations
std.conv | Convert types from one type to another.
std.typecons | Type constructors for scoped variables, ref counted types, etc.
std.bitmanip | High level bit level manipulation, bit arrays, bit fields.
std.variant | Dynamically-typed variable that can hold a value of any type.
core.bitop | Low level bit manipulation.
std.sumtype | Type-safe discriminated union.
Vector programming
core.simd | SIMD intrinsics

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