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# std.container.dlist

This module implements a generic doubly-linked list container. It can be used as a queue, dequeue or stack.
This module is a submodule of std.container.

Source std/container/dlist.d

License:
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt).
Authors:
Andrei Alexandrescu
Examples:

    import std.algorithm.comparison : equal;
    import std.container : DList;

    auto s = DList!int(1, 2, 3);
    assert(equal(s[], [1, 2, 3]));

    s.removeFront();
    assert(equal(s[], [2, 3]));
    s.removeBack();
    assert(equal(s[], [2]));

    s.insertFront([4, 5]);
    assert(equal(s[], [4, 5, 2]));
    s.insertBack([6, 7]);
    assert(equal(s[], [4, 5, 2, 6, 7]));

    // If you want to apply range operations, simply slice it.
    import std.algorithm.searching : countUntil;
    import std.range : popFrontN, popBackN, walkLength;

    auto sl = DList!int([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
    writeln(countUntil(sl[], 2)); // 1

    auto r = sl[];
    popFrontN(r, 2);
    popBackN(r, 2);
    assert(r.equal([3]));
    writeln(walkLength(r)); // 1

    // DList.Range can be used to remove elements from the list it spans
    auto nl = DList!int([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
    for (auto rn = nl[]; !rn.empty;)
        if (rn.front % 2 == 0)
            nl.popFirstOf(rn);
        else
            rn.popFront();
    assert(equal(nl[], [1, 3, 5]));
    auto rs = nl[];
    rs.popFront();
    nl.remove(rs);
    assert(equal(nl[], [1]));

struct `DList`(T);
  Implements a doubly-linked list.
  `DList` uses reference semantics.
  this(U)(U[] `values`...)
  if (isImplicitlyConvertible!(U, T));
    Constructor taking a number of nodes
  this(Stuff)(Stuff `stuff`)
  if (isInputRange!Stuff && isImplicitlyConvertible!(ElementType!Stuff, T));
    Constructor taking an input range
  const bool `opEquals`()(ref const DList `rhs`)
  if (is(typeof(front == front)));
    Comparison for equality.

    Complexity Ο(min(n, n1)) where n1 is the number of elements in `rhs`.

  struct `Range`;
    Defines the container's primary range, which embodies a bidirectional range.
  const nothrow @property bool `empty`();
    Property returning `true` if and only if the container has no elements.

    Complexity Ο(1)

  void `clear`();
    Removes all contents from the DList.

    Postcondition empty

    Complexity Ο(1)

  @property DList `dup`();
    Duplicates the container. The elements themselves are not transitively duplicated.

    Complexity Ο(n).

  Range `opSlice`();
    Returns a range that iterates over all elements of the container, in forward order.

    Complexity Ο(1)

  inout @property ref inout(T) `front`();
    Forward to opSlice().`front`.

    Complexity Ο(1)

  inout @property ref inout(T) `back`();
    Forward to opSlice().`back`.

    Complexity Ο(1)

  DList `opBinary`(string op, Stuff)(Stuff `rhs`)
  if (op == "~" && is(typeof(insertBack(`rhs`))));
    Returns a new DList that's the concatenation of this and its argument `rhs`.
  DList `opBinaryRight`(string op, Stuff)(Stuff `lhs`)
  if (op == "~" && is(typeof(insertFront(`lhs`))));
    Returns a new DList that's the concatenation of the argument `lhs` and this.
  DList `opOpAssign`(string op, Stuff)(Stuff `rhs`)
  if (op == "~" && is(typeof(insertBack(`rhs`))));
    Appends the contents of the argument `rhs` into this.
  size_t `insertFront`(Stuff)(Stuff `stuff`);
  size_t `insertBack`(Stuff)(Stuff `stuff`);
  alias `insert` = insertBack;
  alias `stableInsert` = insert;
  alias `stableInsertFront` = insertFront;
  alias `stableInsertBack` = insertBack;
    Inserts `stuff` to the front/back of the container. `stuff` can be a value convertible to T or a range of objects convertible to T. The stable version behaves the same, but guarantees that ranges iterating over the container are never invalidated.
    Returns:
    The number of elements inserted

    Complexity Ο(log(n))

  size_t `insertBefore`(Stuff)(Range `r`, Stuff `stuff`);
  alias `stableInsertBefore` = insertBefore;
  size_t `insertAfter`(Stuff)(Range `r`, Stuff `stuff`);
  alias `stableInsertAfter` = insertAfter;
    Inserts `stuff` after range `r`, which must be a non-empty range previously extracted from this container.
    `stuff` can be a value convertible to T or a range of objects convertible to T. The stable version behaves the same, but guarantees that ranges iterating over the container are never invalidated.
    Returns:
    The number of values inserted.

    Complexity Ο(k + m), where k is the number of elements in `r` and m is the length of `stuff`.

  T `removeAny`();
  alias `stableRemoveAny` = removeAny;
    Picks one value in an unspecified position in the container, removes it from the container, and returns it. The stable version behaves the same, but guarantees that ranges iterating over the container are never invalidated.

    Precondition !empty

    Returns:
    The element removed.

    Complexity Ο(1).

  void `removeFront`();
  alias `stableRemoveFront` = removeFront;
  void `removeBack`();
  alias `stableRemoveBack` = removeBack;
    Removes the value at the front/back of the container. The stable version behaves the same, but guarantees that ranges iterating over the container are never invalidated.

    Precondition !empty

    Complexity Ο(1).

  size_t `removeFront`(size_t `howMany`);
  alias `stableRemoveFront` = removeFront;
  size_t `removeBack`(size_t `howMany`);
  alias `stableRemoveBack` = removeBack;
    Removes `howMany` values at the front or back of the container. Unlike the unparameterized versions above, these functions do not throw if they could not remove `howMany` elements. Instead, if `howMany` > n, all elements are removed. The returned value is the effective number of elements removed. The stable version behaves the same, but guarantees that ranges iterating over the container are never invalidated.
    Returns:
    The number of elements removed

    Complexity Ο(`howMany`).

  Range `remove`(Range `r`);
  Range `linearRemove`(Range `r`);
    Removes all elements belonging to `r`, which must be a range obtained originally from this container.
    Returns:
    A range spanning the remaining elements in the container that initially were right after `r`.

    Complexity Ο(1)

  void `popFirstOf`(ref Range `r`);
    Removes first element of `r`, wich must be a range obtained originally from this container, from both DList instance and range `r`.

    Compexity Ο(1)

  void `popLastOf`(ref Range `r`);
    Removes last element of `r`, wich must be a range obtained originally from this container, from both DList instance and range `r`.

    Compexity Ο(1)

  Range `linearRemove`(Take!Range `r`);
  alias `stableRemove` = remove;
  alias `stableLinearRemove` = linearRemove;
    `linearRemove` functions as remove, but also accepts ranges that are result the of a take operation. This is a convenient way to remove a fixed amount of elements from the range.

    Complexity Ο(`r`.walkLength)

  bool `linearRemoveElement`(T `value`);
    Removes the first occurence of an element from the list in linear time.
    Returns:
    True if the element existed and was successfully removed, `false` otherwise.
    Parameters:

    T `value` | `value` of the node to be removed

    Complexity Ο(n)

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