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# std.digest.sha

Computes SHA1 and SHA2 hashes of arbitrary data. SHA hashes are 20 to 64 byte quantities (depending on the SHA algorithm) that are like a checksum or CRC, but are more robust.

Category | Functions
--- | ---
Template API | SHA1
OOP API | SHA1Digest
Helpers | sha1Of

SHA2 comes in several different versions, all supported by this module: SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256.
This module conforms to the APIs defined in std.digest.digest. To understand the differences between the template and the OOP API, see std.digest.digest.
This module publicly imports std.digest.digest and can be used as a stand-alone module.
License:
Boost License 1.0.

CTFE: Digests do not work in CTFE

Authors:
The routines and algorithms are derived from the Secure Hash Signature Standard (SHS) (FIPS PUB 180-2).
Kai Nacke, Johannes Pfau, Nick Sabalausky

References:

- FIPS PUB180-2
- Fast implementation of SHA1
- Wikipedia article about SHA

Source: std/digest/sha.d

Examples:

    //Template API
    import std.digest.sha;

    ubyte[20] hash1 = sha1Of("abc");
    assert(toHexString(hash1) == "A9993E364706816ABA3E25717850C26C9CD0D89D");

    ubyte[28] hash224 = sha224Of("abc");
    assert(toHexString(hash224) == "23097D223405D8228642A477BDA255B32AADBCE4BDA0B3F7E36C9DA7");

    //Feeding data
    ubyte[1024] data;
    SHA1 sha1;
    sha1.start();
    sha1.put(data[]);
    sha1.start(); //Start again
    sha1.put(data[]);
    hash1 = sha1.finish();

Examples:

    //OOP API
    import std.digest.sha;

    auto sha1 = new SHA1Digest();
    ubyte[] hash1 = sha1.digest("abc");
    assert(toHexString(hash1) == "A9993E364706816ABA3E25717850C26C9CD0D89D");

    auto sha224 = new SHA224Digest();
    ubyte[] hash224 = sha224.digest("abc");
    assert(toHexString(hash224) == "23097D223405D8228642A477BDA255B32AADBCE4BDA0B3F7E36C9DA7");

    //Feeding data
    ubyte[1024] data;
    sha1.put(data[]);
    sha1.reset(); //Start again
    sha1.put(data[]);
    hash1 = sha1.finish();

struct `SHA`(uint hashBlockSize, uint digestSize);
  Template API SHA1/SHA2 implementation. Supports: `SHA`-1, `SHA`-224, `SHA`-256, `SHA`-384, `SHA`-512, `SHA`-512/224 and `SHA`-512/256.
  The hashBlockSize and digestSize are in bits. However, it's likely easier to simply use the convenience aliases: SHA1, SHA224, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512, SHA512_224 and SHA512_256.
  See std.digest.digest for differences between template and OOP API.
  pure nothrow @nogc @safe void `start`();
    SHA initialization. Begins an SHA1/SHA2 operation.

    Note: For this SHA Digest implementation calling `start` after default construction is not necessary. Calling `start` is only necessary to reset the Digest.

    Generic code which deals with different Digest types should always call `start` though.

    Example:

        SHA1 digest;
        //digest.start(); //Not necessary
        digest.put(0);

  pure nothrow @nogc @trusted void `put`(scope const(ubyte)[] `input`...);
    Use this to feed the digest with data. Also implements the std.range.primitives.isOutputRange interface for ubyte and const(ubyte)[].
  pure nothrow @nogc @trusted ubyte[digestSize / 8] `finish`();
    Returns the finished SHA hash. This also calls start to reset the internal state.
    Examples:

        //Simple example
        SHA1 hash;
        hash.start();
        hash.put(cast(ubyte)0);
        ubyte[20] result = hash.finish();

alias `SHA1` = SHA!(512u, 160u).SHA;
  SHA alias for SHA-1, hash is ubyte[20]
alias `SHA224` = SHA!(512u, 224u).SHA;
  SHA alias for SHA-224, hash is ubyte[28]
alias `SHA256` = SHA!(512u, 256u).SHA;
  SHA alias for SHA-256, hash is ubyte[32]
alias `SHA384` = SHA!(1024u, 384u).SHA;
  SHA alias for SHA-384, hash is ubyte[48]
alias `SHA512` = SHA!(1024u, 512u).SHA;
  SHA alias for SHA-512, hash is ubyte[64]
alias `SHA512_224` = SHA!(1024u, 224u).SHA;
  SHA alias for SHA-512/224, hash is ubyte[28]
alias `SHA512_256` = SHA!(1024u, 256u).SHA;
  SHA alias for SHA-512/256, hash is ubyte[32]
  Examples:

      //Simple example, hashing a string using sha1Of helper function
      ubyte[20] hash = sha1Of("abc");
      //Let's get a hash string
      assert(toHexString(hash) == "A9993E364706816ABA3E25717850C26C9CD0D89D");

      //The same, but using SHA-224
      ubyte[28] hash224 = sha224Of("abc");
      assert(toHexString(hash224) == "23097D223405D8228642A477BDA255B32AADBCE4BDA0B3F7E36C9DA7");

  Examples:

      //Using the basic API
      SHA1 hash;
      hash.start();
      ubyte[1024] data;
      //Initialize data here...
      hash.put(data);
      ubyte[20] result = hash.finish();

  Examples:

      //Let's use the template features:
      //Note: When passing a SHA1 to a function, it must be passed by reference!
      void doSomething(T)(ref T hash) if (isDigest!T)
      {
        hash.put(cast(ubyte)0);
      }
      SHA1 sha;
      sha.start();
      doSomething(sha);
      assert(toHexString(sha.finish()) == "5BA93C9DB0CFF93F52B521D7420E43F6EDA2784F");

auto `sha1Of`(T...)(T `data`);
auto `sha224Of`(T...)(T `data`);
auto `sha256Of`(T...)(T `data`);
auto `sha384Of`(T...)(T `data`);
auto `sha512Of`(T...)(T `data`);
auto `sha512_224Of`(T...)(T `data`);
auto `sha512_256Of`(T...)(T `data`);
  These are convenience aliases for std.digest.digest.digest using the SHA implementation.
  Examples:

      ubyte[20] hash = sha1Of("abc");
      assert(hash == digest!SHA1("abc"));

      ubyte[28] hash224 = sha224Of("abc");
      assert(hash224 == digest!SHA224("abc"));

      ubyte[32] hash256 = sha256Of("abc");
      assert(hash256 == digest!SHA256("abc"));

      ubyte[48] hash384 = sha384Of("abc");
      assert(hash384 == digest!SHA384("abc"));

      ubyte[64] hash512 = sha512Of("abc");
      assert(hash512 == digest!SHA512("abc"));

      ubyte[28] hash512_224 = sha512_224Of("abc");
      assert(hash512_224 == digest!SHA512_224("abc"));

      ubyte[32] hash512_256 = sha512_256Of("abc");
      assert(hash512_256 == digest!SHA512_256("abc"));

alias `SHA1Digest` = std.digest.digest.WrapperDigest!(SHA!(512u, 160u)).WrapperDigest;
alias `SHA224Digest` = std.digest.digest.WrapperDigest!(SHA!(512u, 224u)).WrapperDigest;
alias `SHA256Digest` = std.digest.digest.WrapperDigest!(SHA!(512u, 256u)).WrapperDigest;
alias `SHA384Digest` = std.digest.digest.WrapperDigest!(SHA!(1024u, 384u)).WrapperDigest;
alias `SHA512Digest` = std.digest.digest.WrapperDigest!(SHA!(1024u, 512u)).WrapperDigest;
alias `SHA512_224Digest` = std.digest.digest.WrapperDigest!(SHA!(1024u, 224u)).WrapperDigest;
alias `SHA512_256Digest` = std.digest.digest.WrapperDigest!(SHA!(1024u, 256u)).WrapperDigest;
  OOP API SHA1 and SHA2 implementations. See std.digest.digest for differences between template and OOP API.
  This is an alias for std.digest.digest.WrapperDigest!SHA1, see there for more information.
  Examples:

      //Simple example, hashing a string using Digest.digest helper function
      auto sha = new SHA1Digest();
      ubyte[] hash = sha.digest("abc");
      //Let's get a hash string
      assert(toHexString(hash) == "A9993E364706816ABA3E25717850C26C9CD0D89D");

      //The same, but using SHA-224
      auto sha224 = new SHA224Digest();
      ubyte[] hash224 = sha224.digest("abc");
      //Let's get a hash string
      assert(toHexString(hash224) == "23097D223405D8228642A477BDA255B32AADBCE4BDA0B3F7E36C9DA7");

  Examples:

      //Let's use the OOP features:
      void test(Digest dig)
      {
        dig.put(cast(ubyte)0);
      }
      auto sha = new SHA1Digest();
      test(sha);

      //Let's use a custom buffer:
      ubyte[20] buf;
      ubyte[] result = sha.finish(buf[]);
      assert(toHexString(result) == "5BA93C9DB0CFF93F52B521D7420E43F6EDA2784F");

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