D Programming Language 2.0

# Phobos Runtime Library

Phobos is the standard runtime library that comes with the D language compiler. Also, check out the wiki for Phobos.

## Philosophy

Each module in Phobos conforms as much as possible to the following design goals. These are goals rather than requirements because D is not a religion, it's a programming language, and it recognizes that sometimes the goals are contradictory and counterproductive in certain situations, and programmers have jobs that need to get done.

Machine and Operating System Independent Interfaces
  It's pretty well accepted that gratuitous non-portability should be avoided. This should not be construed, however, as meaning that access to unusual features of an operating system should be prevented.
Simple Operations should be Simple
  A common and simple operation, like writing an array of bytes to a file, should be simple to code. I haven't seen a class library yet that simply and efficiently implemented common, basic file I/O operations.
Classes should strive to be independent of one another
  It's discouraging to pull in a megabyte of code bloat by just trying to read a file into an array of bytes. Class independence also means that classes that turn out to be mistakes can be deprecated and redesigned without forcing a rewrite of the rest of the class library.
No pointless wrappers around C runtime library functions or OS API functions
  D provides direct access to C runtime library functions and operating system API functions. Pointless D wrappers around those functions just adds blather, bloat, baggage and bugs.
Class implementations should use DBC
  This will prove that DBC (Contract Programming) is worthwhile. Not only will it aid in debugging the class, but it will help every class user use the class correctly. DBC in the class library will have great leverage.
Use Exceptions for Error Handling
  See Error Handling in D.

## Imports

Runtime library modules can be imported with the import statement. Each module falls into one of several packages:

std
  These are the core modules.

  std.windows
    Modules specific to the Windows operating system.

  std.linux
    Modules specific to the Linux operating system.

  std.c
    Modules that are simply interfaces to C functions. For example, interfaces to standard C library functions will be in std.c, such as std.c.stdio would be the interface to C's stdio.h.

    std.c.windows
      Modules corresponding to the C Windows API functions.

    std.c.linux
      Modules corresponding to the C Linux API functions.

etc
  This is the root of a hierarchy of modules mirroring the std hierarchy. Modules in etc are not standard D modules. They are here because they are experimental, or for some other reason are not quite suitable for std, although they are still useful.

### std: Core library modules

std.base64
  Encode/decode base64 format.
std.bigint
  Arbitrary-precision ('bignum') arithmetic
std.bind
  Bind function arguments.
std.bitarray
  Arrays of bits.
std.boxer
  Box/unbox types.
std.compiler
  Information about the D compiler implementation.
std.conv
  Conversion of strings to integers.
std.ctype
  Simple character classification
std.date
  Date and time functions. Support locales.
std.datetime
  Date and time-related types and functions.
std.file
  Basic file operations like read, write, append.
std.format
  Formatted conversions of values to strings.
std.gc
  Control the garbage collector.
std.math
  Include all the usual math functions like sin, cos, atan, etc.
std.md5
  Compute MD5 digests.
std.mmfile
  Memory mapped files.
object
  The root class of the inheritance hierarchy
std.outbuffer
  Assemble data into an array of bytes
std.path
  Manipulate file names, path names, etc.
std.process
  Create/destroy threads.
std.random
  Random number generation.
std.recls
  Recursively search file system and (currently Windows only) FTP sites.
std.regexp
  The usual regular expression functions.
std.socket
  Sockets.
std.socketstream
  Stream for a blocking, connected Socket.
std.stdint
  Integral types for various purposes.
std.stdio
  Standard I/O.
std.cstream
  Stream I/O.
std.stream
  Stream I/O.
std.string
  Basic string operations not covered by array ops.
std.system
  Inquire about the CPU, operating system.
std.uri
  Encode and decode Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs).
std.utf
  Encode and decode utf character encodings.
std.zip
  Read/write zip archives.
std.zlib
  Compression / Decompression of data.

### std.windows: Modules specific to the Windows operating system

std.windows.syserror
  Convert Windows error codes to strings.

### std.linux: Modules specific to the Linux operating system

### std.c: Interface to C functions

std.c.stdio
  Interface to C stdio functions like printf().

### std.c.windows: Interface to C Windows functions

std.c.windows.windows
  Interface to Windows APIs

### std.c.linux: Interface to C Linux functions

std.c.linux.linux
  Interface to Linux APIs

## std.c.stdio

int printf(char* format, ...)
  C printf() function.

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