# core.time

Module containing core time functionality, such as Duration (which represents a duration of time).
Various functions take a string (or strings) to represent a unit of time (e.g. ). The valid strings to use with such functions are "years", "months", "weeks", "days", "hours", "minutes", "seconds", "msecs" (milliseconds), "usecs" (microseconds), "hnsecs" (hecto-nanoseconds - i.e. 100 ns) or some subset thereof. There are a few functions that also allow "nsecs", but very little actually has precision greater than hnsecs.
License:
.
Authors:
Jonathan M Davis and Kato Shoichi
Source:

struct Duration;
  Represents a duration of time of weeks or less (kept internally as hnsecs). (e.g. 22 days or 700 seconds).
  It is used when representing a duration of time - such as how long to sleep with Thread.sleep().
  In std.datetime, it is also used as the result of various arithmetic operations on time points.
  Use the function to create Durations.
  You cannot create a duration of months or years because the variable number of days in a month or a year makes it so that you cannot convert between months or years and smaller units without a specific date. Any type or function which handles months or years has other functions for handling those rather than using durations. For instance, has and for adding years and months, rather than creating a duration of years or months and adding that to a . If you're dealing with weeks or smaller, however, durations are what you use.
  Examples:

      assert(dur!"days"(12) == Duration(10_368_000_000_000L));
      assert(dur!"hnsecs"(27) == Duration(27));
      assert(std.datetime.Date(2010, 9, 7) + dur!"days"(5) == std.datetime.Date(2010, 9, 12));

  const pure nothrow int opCmp(in Duration rhs);
    Compares this Duration with the given Duration.
    Returns:

    this < rhs | < 0
    this == rhs | 0
    this > rhs | > 0

  Duration opBinary(string op, D)(in D rhs);
    Adds or subtracts two Durations.
    The legal types of arithmetic for Duration using this operator are

    Duration | + | Duration | --> | Duration
    Duration | - | Duration | --> | Duration
    Duration | + | TickDuration | --> | Duration
    Duration | - | TickDuration | --> | Duration

    Params:

    duration | The duration to add to or subtract from this duration.

    Note:
    TUnqual is just a local copy of std.traits' Unqual, since core does not have access to std.traits, and naming it Unqual as well would result in a name clash, so it's TUnqual.
  Duration opOpAssign(string op, D)(in D rhs);
    Adds or subtracts two Durations as well as assigning the result to this Duration.
    The legal types of arithmetic for Duration using this operator are

    Duration | + | Duration | --> | Duration
    Duration | - | Duration | --> | Duration
    Duration | + | TickDuration | --> | Duration
    Duration | - | TickDuration | --> | Duration

    Params:

    rhs | The duration to add to or subtract from this DateTime.

    Note:
    TUnqual is just a local copy of std.traits' Unqual, since core does not have access to std.traits, and naming it Unqual as well would result in a name clash, so it's TUnqual.
  Duration opBinary(string op)(long value);
    The legal types of arithmetic for Duration using this operator overload are

    Duration | * | long | --> | Duration

    Params:

    value | The value to multiply this duration by.

  Duration opOpAssign(string op)(long value);
    The legal types of arithmetic for Duration using this operator overload are

    Duration | * | long | --> | Duration

    Params:

    value | The value to multiply this duration by.

  Duration opBinary(string op)(long value);
    The legal types of arithmetic for Duration using this operator overload are

    Duration | / | long | --> | Duration

    Params:

    value | The value to divide from this duration.

    Throws:
    TimeException if an attempt to divide by 0 is made.
  Duration opOpAssign(string op)(long value);
    The legal types of arithmetic for Duration using this operator overload are

    Duration | / | long | --> | Duration

    Params:

    value | The value to divide from this duration.

    Throws:
    TimeException if an attempt to divide by 0 is made.
  Duration opBinaryRight(string op)(long value);
    Multiplies an integral value and a Duration.
    The legal types of arithmetic for Duration using this operator overload are

    long | * | Duration | --> | Duration

    Params:

    value | The number of units to multiply this duration by.

  Duration opUnary(string op)();
    Returns the negation of this Duration.
  long get(string units)();
    Returns the number of the given units in the duration (minus the larger units).
    Examples:

        assert(dur!"weeks"(12).get!"weeks"() == 12);
        assert(dur!"weeks"(12).get!"days"() == 0);

        assert(dur!"days"(13).get!"weeks"() == 1);
        assert(dur!"days"(13).get!"days"() == 6);

        assert(dur!"hours"(49).get!"days"() == 2);
        assert(dur!"hours"(49).get!"hours"() == 1);

  alias weeks;
    Returns the number of weeks in the duration.
    Examples:

        assert(dur!"weeks"(12).weeks == 12);
        assert(dur!"days"(13).weeks == 1);

  alias days;
    Returns the number of days in the duration (minus the larger units).
    Examples:

        assert(dur!"weeks"(12).days == 0);
        assert(dur!"days"(13).days == 6);
        assert(dur!"hours"(49).days == 2);

  alias hours;
    Returns the number of hours in the duration (minus the larger units).
    Examples:

        assert(dur!"days"(8).hours == 0);
        assert(dur!"hours"(49).hours == 1);
        assert(dur!"minutes"(121).hours == 2);

  alias minutes;
    Returns the number of minutes in the duration (minus the larger units).
    Examples:

        assert(dur!"hours"(47).minutes == 0);
        assert(dur!"minutes"(127).minutes == 7);
        assert(dur!"seconds"(121).minutes == 2);

  alias seconds;
    Returns the number of seconds in the duration (minus the larger units).
    Examples:

        assert(dur!"minutes"(47).seconds == 0);
        assert(dur!"seconds"(127).seconds == 7);
        assert(dur!"msecs"(1217).seconds == 1);

  const pure nothrow FracSec fracSec();
    Returns the fractional seconds passed the second.
    Examples:

        assert(dur!"msecs"(1000).fracSec == FracSec.from!"msecs"(0));
        assert(dur!"msecs"(1217).fracSec == FracSec.from!"msecs"(217));
        assert(dur!"usecs"(43).fracSec == FracSec.from!"usecs"(43));
        assert(dur!"hnsecs"(50_007).fracSec == FracSec.from!"hnsecs"(50_007));
        assert(dur!"nsecs"(62_127).fracSec == FracSec.from!"nsecs"(62_100));

  long total(string units)();
    Returns the total number of the given units in the duration. So, unlike , it does not strip out the larger units.
    Examples:

        assert(dur!"weeks"(12).total!"weeks"() == 12);
        assert(dur!"weeks"(12).total!"days"() == 84);

        assert(dur!"days"(13).total!"weeks"() == 1);
        assert(dur!"days"(13).total!"days"() == 13);

        assert(dur!"hours"(49).total!"days"() == 2);
        assert(dur!"hours"(49).total!"hours"() == 49);

        assert(dur!"nsecs"(2007).total!"hnsecs"() == 20);
        assert(dur!"nsecs"(2007).total!"nsecs"() == 2000);

  const pure nothrow string toString();
    Converts this duration to a string.
Duration dur(string units)(long length);
  This allows you to construct a Duration from the given time units with the given length.
  The possible values for units are "weeks", "days", "hours", "minutes", "seconds", "msecs" (milliseconds), "usecs", (microseconds), "hnsecs" (hecto-nanoseconds, i.e. 100 ns), and "nsecs".
  Params:

  units | The time units of the duration (e.g. "days").
  length | The number of units in the duration.

struct TickDuration;
  Duration in system clock ticks.
  This type maintains the most high precision ticks of system clock in each environment.
  static immutable long ticksPerSec;
    The number of ticks that the system clock has in one second.
    Confirm that it is not 0, to examine whether you can use TickDuration.
  static immutable TickDuration appOrigin;
    TickDuration when application begins.
  long length;
    The number of ticks.
    You can convert this length into number of seconds by dividing it by ticksPerSec.
  T to(string units, T)();
    Converts TickDuration to the given units as an integral value.
    Params:

    units | The units to convert to. "seconds" and smaller only.
    T | The integral type to convert to.

  T to(string units, T)();
    Converts TickDuration to the given units as a floating point value.
    Params:

    units | The units to convert to. "seconds" and smaller only.
    T | The floating point type to convert to.

  alias seconds;
    Alias for converting TickDuration to seconds.
  alias msecs;
    Alias for converting TickDuration to milliseconds.
  alias usecs;
    Alias for converting TickDuration to microseconds.
  alias hnsecs;
    Alias for converting TickDuration to hecto-nanoseconds (100 ns).
  alias nsecs;
    Alias for converting TickDuration to nanoseconds.
  TickDuration from(string units)(long value);
    Creates a TickDuration from the number of the given units.
    Params:

    units | The units to convert from. "seconds" and smaller.
    value | The number of the units to convert from.

  Duration opCast(T)();
    Returns a Duration with the same number of hnsecs as this TickDuration.
  void opOpAssign(string op)(in TickDuration rhs);
    operator overloading "-=, +="
    BUG:
    This should be return "ref TickDuration", but bug2460 prevents that.
  TickDuration opBinary(string op)(in TickDuration rhs);
    operator overloading "-, +"
  TickDuration opUnary(string op)();
    Returns the negation of this TickDuration.
  const pure nothrow bool opEquals(ref const TickDuration rhs);
    operator overloading "=="
  const pure nothrow int opCmp(ref const TickDuration rhs);
    operator overloading "<, >, <=, >="
  void opOpAssign(string op, T)(T value);
    The legal types of arithmetic for TickDuration using this operator overload are

    TickDuration | * | long | --> | TickDuration
    TickDuration | * | floating point | --> | TickDuration

    Params:

    value | The value to divide from this duration.

  void opOpAssign(string op, T)(T value);
    The legal types of arithmetic for TickDuration using this operator overload are

    TickDuration | / | long | --> | TickDuration
    TickDuration | / | floating point | --> | TickDuration

    Params:

    value | The value to divide from this duration.

    Throws:
    TimeException if an attempt to divide by 0 is made.
  TickDuration opBinary(string op, T)(T value);
    The legal types of arithmetic for TickDuration using this operator overload are

    TickDuration | * | long | --> | TickDuration
    TickDuration | * | floating point | --> | TickDuration

    Params:

    value | The value to divide from this duration.

  TickDuration opBinary(string op, T)(T value);
    The legal types of arithmetic for TickDuration using this operator overload are

    TickDuration | / | long | --> | TickDuration
    TickDuration | / | floating point | --> | TickDuration

    Params:

    value | The value to divide from this duration.

    Throws:
    TimeException if an attempt to divide by 0 is made.
  pure nothrow @safe this(long ticks);
    Params:

    long ticks | The number of ticks in the TickDuration.

  static TickDuration currSystemTick();
    The current system tick. The number of ticks per second varies from system to system. This uses a monotonic clock, so it's intended for precision timing by comparing relative time values, not for getting the current system time.
    On Windows, QueryPerformanceCounter() is used. On Mac OS X, mach_absolute_time() is used, while on other Posix systems, clock_gettime() is used. If mach_absolute_time() or clock_gettime() is unavailable, then Posix systems use gettimeofday(), which unfortunately, is not monotonic, but without mach_absolute_time()/clock_gettime() available, gettimeofday() is the the best that you can do.
    Warning:
    On some systems, the monotonic clock may stop counting when the computer goes to sleep or hibernates. So, the monotonic clock could be off if that occurs. This is known to happen on Mac OS X. It has not been tested whether it occurs on either Windows or on Linux.
    Throws:
    TimeException if it fails to get the time.
long convert(string from, string to)(long value);
  Generic way of converting between two time units. Conversions to smaller units use truncating division.
  Params:

  tuFrom | The units of time to covert from.
  tuFrom | The units of time to covert type.
  value | The value to convert.

  Examples:

      assert(convert!("years", "months")(1) == 12);
      assert(convert!("months", "years")(12) == 1);

long convert(string from, string to)(long value);
  Generic way of converting between two time units. Conversions to smaller units use truncating division.
  Params:

  tuFrom | The units of time to covert from.
  tuFrom | The units of time to covert type.
  value | The value to convert.

  Examples:

      assert(convert!("weeks", "days")(1) == 7);
      assert(convert!("hours", "seconds")(1) == 3600);
      assert(convert!("seconds", "days")(1) == 0);
      assert(convert!("seconds", "days")(86_400) == 1);

long convert(string from, string to)(long value);
  Generic way of converting between two time units. Conversions to smaller units use truncating division.
  Params:

  tuFrom | The units of time to covert from.
  tuFrom | The units of time to covert type.
  value | The value to convert.

  Examples:

      assert(convert!("nsecs", "nsecs")(1) == 1);
      assert(convert!("nsecs", "hnsecs")(1) == 0);
      assert(convert!("hnsecs", "nsecs")(1) == 100);
      assert(convert!("nsecs", "seconds")(1) == 0);
      assert(convert!("seconds", "nsecs")(1) == 1_000_000_000);

struct FracSec;
  Represents fractional seconds.
  This is the portion of the time which is smaller than a second and cannot hold values which would equal or exceed a second.
  It holds hnsecs internally, but you can create it using either milliseconds, microseconds, or hnsecs. What it does is allow for a simple way to set or adjust the fractional seconds portion of a Duration or a std.datetime.SysTime without having to worry about whether you're dealing with milliseconds, microseconds, or hnsecs.
  FracSec's functions which take time unit strings do accept "nsecs", but the because the resolution for Duration and std.datetime.SysTime is hnsecs, you don't actually get precision higher than hnsecs. "nsecs" is accepted merely for convenience. Any values given as nsecs will be converted to hnsecs using convert!() (which uses truncation when converting to smaller units).
  FracSec from(string units)(long value);
    Create a FracSec from the given units ("msecs", "usecs", or "hnsecs").
    Params:

    units | The units to create a FracSec from.
    value | The number of the given units passed the second.

    Throws:
    TimeException if the given value is less than 0 or would result in a FracSec greater than or equal to 1 second.
  const pure nothrow int msecs();
    The value of this FracSec as milliseconds.
  pure void msecs(int milliseconds);
    The value of this FracSec as milliseconds.
    Params:

    int milliseconds | The number of milliseconds passed the second.

    Throws:
    TimeException if the given value is not less than one second.
  const pure nothrow int usecs();
    The value of this FracSec as microseconds.
  pure void usecs(int microseconds);
    The value of this FracSec as microseconds.
    Params:

    int microseconds | The number of microseconds passed the second.

    Throws:
    TimeException if the given value is not less than one second.
  const pure nothrow int hnsecs();
    The value of this FracSec as hnsecs.
  pure void hnsecs(int hnsecs);
    The value of this FracSec as hnsecs.
    Params:

    int hnsecs | The number of hnsecs passed the second.

    Throws:
    TimeException if the given value is not less than one second.
  const pure nothrow int nsecs();
    The value of this FracSec as nsecs.
    Note that this does not give you any greater precision than getting the value of this FracSec as hnsecs.
  pure void nsecs(long nsecs);
    The value of this FracSec as nsecs.
    Note that this does not give you any greater precision than setting the value of this FracSec as hnsecs.
    Params:

    long nsecs | The number of nsecs passed the second.

    Throws:
    TimeException if the given value is not less than one second.
  const pure nothrow string toString();
    Converts this duration to a string.
class TimeException: object.Exception;
  Exception type used by core.time.
  nothrow this(string msg, string file = __FILE__, size_t line = __LINE__, Throwable next = null);
    Params:

    string msg | The message for the exception.
    string file | The file where the exception occurred.
    size_t line | The line number where the exception occurred.
    Throwable next | The previous exception in the chain of exceptions, if any.

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