/**********************************************************
 * ARM64 disassembler.
 * For unit tests: dmd disasmarm.d -unittest -main -debug -fPIC
 * For standalone disasmarm: dmd disasmarm.d -version=StandAlone -fPIC
 *
 * Copyright:   Copyright (C) 1982-1998 by Symantec
 *              Copyright (C) 2000-2025 by The D Language Foundation, All Rights Reserved
 * Authors:     $(LINK2 https://www.digitalmars.com, Walter Bright)
 * License:     $(LINK2 https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt, Boost License 1.0)
 * Reference:   Arm A64 Instruction Set for A-profile Architecture ISA_A64_xml_A_profile-2025-03.pdf
 *              A64 instruction set https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/
 */

module dmd.backend.arm.disasmarm;

nothrow @nogc:

@safe:

/*****************************
 * Calculate and return the number of bytes in an instruction starting at code[c].
 * Params:
 *      code = machine code as array of bytes
 *      c = address of instruction (as index into code[])
 *      pc = set to address of instruction after prefix
 *      model = memory model, 16/32/64
 */

public
addr calccodsize(ubyte[] code, addr c, out addr pc, uint model)
{
    assert(model == 64);
    Disasm disasm = Disasm(code, model);
    return disasm.calccodsize(c, pc);
}

/************************
 * If instruction is a jump or a call, get information about
 * where the offset is and what it is.
 * Params:
 *      code = instruction bytes
 *      c = address of start of instruction, not including prefix.
 *          Use calccodsize() to determine start not including prefix.
 *          Updated to be address of the offset part of the instruction.
 *          Caller determines if it is relative to the start of the next
 *          instruction or not.
 *      offset = set to be address of jump target
 * Returns:
 *      true if jump or call target
 */
public
bool jmpTarget(ubyte[] code, ref addr c, out addr offset)
{
static if (0)
{
    const op = code[c] & 0xFF;
    if (inssize[op] & B) // byte jump
    {
        ++c;
        offset = cast(byte) code[c];
    }
    else if (inssize[op] & W) // word jump
    {
        ++c;
        offset = cast(short)((code[c] & 0xFF) + (code[c + 1] << 8));
    }
    else if (op == 0x0F && inssize2[code[c + 1]] & W) // word/dword jump
    {
        c += 2;
        /* BUG: look only at 16 bits of offset */
        offset = cast(short)((code[c] & 0xFF) + (code[c + 1] << 8));
    }
    else
        return false;
}
    return true;
}

/*************************
 * Write to put() the disassembled instruction
 * Params:
 *      put = function to write the output string to
 *      code = instruction bytes
 *      c = address (index into code[]) of start of instruction to disassemble
 *      siz = number of bytes in instruction (from calccodsize())
 *      model = memory model, 16/32/64
 *      nearptr = use 'near ptr' when writing memory references
 *      bObjectcode = also prepend hex characters of object code
 *      bURL = append URL (if any) to output
 *      mem = if not null, then function that returns a string
 *          representing the label for the memory address. Parameters are `c`
 *          for the address of the memory reference in `code[]`, `sz` for the
 *          number of bytes in the referred to memory location, and `offset`
 *          for the value to be added to any symbol referenced.
 *      immed16 = if not null, then function that returns a string
 *          representation of immediate value.
 *          Parameters are `code` is the binary instructions,
 *          `c` is the address of the memory reference in `code[]`,
 *          `sz` is the number of bytes in the instruction that form the referenece (2/4/8)
 *      labelcode = if not null, then function that returns a string
 *          representation of code label.
 *          Parameters are
 *          `c` is the address of the code reference to the label in `code[]`,
 *          `offset` is the address of the label in `code[]`,
 *          `farflag` is if `far` reference (seg:offset in 16 bit code),
 *          `is16bit` is if 16 bit reference
 *      shortlabel = if not null, then function that returns a string
 *          representing the label for the target. Parameters are `pc`
 *          for the program counter value, and `offset` for the offset
 *          of the label from the pc.
 */
public
void getopstring(void delegate(char) nothrow @nogc @safe put, ubyte[] code, uint c, addr siz,
        uint model, int nearptr, ubyte bObjectcode, ubyte bURL,
        const(char)[] function(uint c, uint sz, uint offset) nothrow @nogc @safe mem,
        const(char)[] function(ubyte[] code, uint c, int sz) nothrow @nogc @safe immed16,
        const(char)[] function(uint c, uint offset, bool farflag, bool is16bit) nothrow @nogc @safe labelcode,
        const(char)[] function(uint pc, int offset) nothrow @nogc @safe shortlabel
        )
{
    assert(model == 64);
    auto disasm = Disasm(put, code, siz,
                model, nearptr, bObjectcode, bURL,
                mem, immed16, labelcode, shortlabel);
    disasm.disassemble(c);
}

/************************************************************************************/
private:


import core.stdc.stdio;
import core.stdc.string;

alias addr = uint;
alias addr64 = ulong;

enum BUFMAX = 2000;

/***********************************************
 * The disassembler
 */

struct Disasm
{
  nothrow @nogc:

    this(void delegate(char) nothrow @nogc @safe put, ubyte[] code, addr siz,
        uint model, int nearptr, ubyte bObjectcode, ubyte bURL,
        const(char)[] function(uint c, uint sz, uint offset) nothrow @nogc @safe mem,
        const(char)[] function(ubyte[] code, uint c, int sz) nothrow @nogc @safe immed16,
        const(char)[] function(uint c, uint offset, bool farflag, bool is16bit) nothrow @nogc @safe labelcode,
        const(char)[] function(uint pc, int offset) nothrow @nogc @safe shortlabel
        )
    {
        this.put = put;
        this.code = code;
        this.siz = siz;
        this.model = model;
        this.nearptr = nearptr;
        this.bObjectcode = bObjectcode;
        this.bURL = bURL;

        /* Set null function pointers to default functions
         */
        this.mem        = mem        ? mem        : &memoryDefault;
        this.immed16    = immed16    ? immed16    : &immed16Default;
        this.labelcode  = labelcode  ? labelcode  : &labelcodeDefault;
        this.shortlabel = shortlabel ? shortlabel : &shortlabelDefault;

        defopsize = model == 16;
        defadsize = model == 32 || model == 64;

        // Reset globals
        opsize = defopsize;
        adsize = defadsize;
        fwait = 0;
        segover = "";
    }

    /* Enough to get prefixbyte() working
     */
    this(ubyte[] code, uint model)
    {
        this.code = code;
        this.model = model;
        defopsize = model == 16;
        defadsize = model == 32 || model == 64;
        opsize = defopsize;
        adsize = defadsize;
        fwait = 0;
        segover = "";
    }

    ubyte[] code;               // the code segment contents
    void delegate(char) put;
    addr siz;
    int nearptr;
    ubyte bObjectcode;
    ubyte bURL;                 // append URL string to decoded instruction
    bool defopsize;             // default value for opsize
    char defadsize;             // default value for adsize
    bool opsize;                // if 0, then 32 bit operand
    char adsize;                // if !=0, then 32 or 64 bit address
    char fwait;                 // if !=0, then saw an FWAIT
    uint model;                 // 16/32/64
    const(char)[] segover;      // segment override string

    // Callbacks provided by caller
    const(char)[] function(uint c, uint sz, addr offset) nothrow @nogc @safe mem;
    const(char)[] function(ubyte[] code, uint c, int sz) nothrow @nogc @safe immed16;
    const(char)[] function(uint c, uint offset, bool farflag, bool is16bit) nothrow @nogc @safe labelcode;
    const(char)[] function(uint pc, int offset) nothrow @nogc @safe shortlabel;


addr calccodsize(addr c, out addr pc)
{
    pc = c;
    return 4;
}

/*****************************
 * Load byte at code[c].
 */

const(char)[] immed8(uint c)
{
    return wordtostring(code[c]);
}

/*****************************
 * Load byte at code[c], and sign-extend it
 */

const(char)[] immeds(uint c)
{
    return wordtostring(cast(byte) code[c]);
}




void puts(const(char)[] s)
{
    foreach (c; s)
        put(c);
}

/*************************
 * Disassemble the instruction at `c`
 * Params:
 *      c = index into code[]
 */

void disassemble(uint c) @trusted
{
    //printf("disassemble(c = %d, siz = %d)\n", c, siz);
    enum log = false;
    enum useAlias = true;  // decode to alias syntax
    puts("   ");

    int i;
    char[80] p0 = '\0';
    const(char)[] sep;
    const(char)[] s2;
    const(char)[] s3;
    char[BUFMAX] buf = '\0';
    char[14] rbuf = '\0';

    buf[0] = 0;
    sep = ",";
    s2 = "";
    s3 = s2;
    uint ins = *(cast(uint*)&code[c]);
    p0[0]='\0';

    if (bObjectcode)
    {
        for (i=siz; i; --i)
        {
            snprintf( buf.ptr, buf.length, "%02X", code[c+i-1] );
            printf("%s ", buf.ptr);
            //strcat( p0.ptr, buf.ptr );
        }
    }

    char[8+1] p1buf = '\0';
    const p1len = snprintf(p1buf.ptr,p1buf.length,"%08x", ins);
    if (log) debug printf("ins: %s %d %d\n", p1buf.ptr, field(ins, 28, 24), field(ins, 21, 21));
    const(char)[] p1 = p1buf[0 .. p1len];
    const(char)[] p2 = "";
    const(char)[] p3 = "";
    const(char)[] p4 = "";
    const(char)[] p5 = "";
    const(char)[] p6 = "";
    const(char)[] p7 = "";
    const(char)[] url = "";
    const(char)[] url2 = "";

    string[4] addsubTab = [ "add", "adds", "sub", "subs" ];
    string[16] condstring =
        [ "eq", "ne", "cs", "cc", "mi", "pl", "vs", "vc",
          "hi", "ls", "ge", "lt", "gt", "le", "al", "nv" ];

    immutable char[5] fpPrefix = ['b','h','s','d','q']; // SIMD&FP register prefix

    void shiftP()
    {
        p2 = p3;
        p3 = p4;
        p4 = p5;
        p5 = p6;
        p6 = p7;
        p7 = "";
    }

    /* ====================== Reserved ============================
     * https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#reserved
     */
    if (field(ins, 31, 31) == 0 && field(ins, 28, 25) == 0)
    {
        url = "reserved";
        if (log) printf("Reserved");
        if (field(ins, 30, 29) == 0)
        {
            uint imm16 = field(ins, 15, 0);
            p1 = "udf";
            p2 = wordtostring(imm16);
        }
        else
            p1 = "reserved";
    }
    else

    /* ====================== SME encodings ============================
     * https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#sme
     */
    if (field(ins,31,31) == 1 && field(ins,28,25) == 0)
    {
        url = "sme";//
    }
    else

    /* ====================== SVE encodings ============================
     * https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#sve
     */
    if (field(ins,28,25) == 2)
    {
        url = "sve";
    }
    else

    /*====================== Data Processing -- Immediate ============================
     * https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#dpimm
     */
    if (field(ins,28,26) == 4)
    {
        url = "dpimm";

    if (field(ins, 30, 23) == 0xE7) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#dp_1src_imm
    {
        if (log) printf("Data-processing (1 source immediate)\n");
        url        = "dp_1src_imm";
        uint sf    = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint opc   = field(ins, 22, 21);
        uint imm16 = field(ins, 20, 05);
        uint Rd    = field(ins,  4,  0);

        if (sf == 1 && (opc & 2) == 0 && Rd == 0x1F)
        {
            p1 = opc & 1 ? "aitobsppc" : "aitoasppc";
            p2 = wordtostring(imm16);
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 28, 24) == 0x10) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#pcreladdr
    {
        if (log) printf("PC-rel. addressing\n");
        url        = "pcreladdr";
        uint op    = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint immlo = field(ins, 30, 29);
        uint immhi = field(ins, 23, 05);
        uint Rd    = field(ins,  4,  0);

        p1 = op ? "adrp" : "adr";
        p2 = regString(1, Rd);
        uint imm = op ? ((immhi << 2) | immlo) << 12
                      : ((immhi << 2) | immlo);
        p3 = wordtostring(imm);
    }
    else if (field(ins, 28, 23) == 0x22) // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#addsub_imm
    {
        if (log) printf("Add/subtract (immediate)\n");
        url        = "addsub_imm";
        uint sf    = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint op    = field(ins, 30, 30);
        uint S     = field(ins, 29, 29);
        uint sh    = field(ins, 22, 22);
        uint imm12 = field(ins, 21, 10);
        uint Rn    = field(ins,  9,  5);
        uint Rd    = field(ins,  4,  0);

        uint opS = op * 2 + S;

        p1 = addsubTab[opS];
        p2 = regString(sf, Rd);
        p3 = regString(sf, Rn);
        p4 = wordtostring(imm12);
        if (sh)
            p5 = "lsl #12";

        if (opS == 0 && sh == 0 && imm12 == 0 && (Rd == 31 || Rn == 31))
        {
            p1 = "mov"; // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/add_addsub_imm.html
            p4 = "";
            p5 = "";
        }
        else if (opS == 1 && Rd == 31) // adds
        {
            p1 = "cmn"; // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/adds_addsub_imm.html
            shiftP();
        }
        else if (opS == 3 && Rd == 31)
        {
            p1 = "cmp";  // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/cmp_subs_addsub_imm.html
            shiftP();
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 28, 22) == 0x45) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#pcreladdr
    {
        if (log) printf("Add/subtract (immediate, with tags)\n");
        url         = "pcreladdr";
        uint sf    = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint op    = field(ins, 30, 30);
        uint S     = field(ins, 29, 29);
        uint uimm6 = field(ins, 21, 16);
        uint op3   = field(ins, 15, 14);
        uint uimm4 = field(ins, 13, 10);
        uint Rn    = field(ins,  9,  5);
        uint Rd    = field(ins,  4,  0);

        if (sf == 1 && S == 0)
        {
            p1 = op ? "subg" : "addg";
            p2 = regString(sf, Rd);
            p3 = regString(sf, Rn);
            p4 = wordtostring(uimm6);
            p5 = wordtostring(uimm4);
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 28, 22) == 0x47) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#minmax_imm
    {
        if (log) printf("Min/max (immediate)\n");
        url        = "minmax_imm";
        uint sf    = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint op    = field(ins, 30, 30);
        uint S     = field(ins, 29, 29);
        uint opc   = field(ins, 21, 18);
        uint imm8  = field(ins, 17, 10);
        uint Rn    = field(ins,  9,  5);
        uint Rd    = field(ins,  4,  0);

        if (op == 0 && S == 0 && opc < 4)
        {
            string[4] opstring = [ "smax", "umax", "smin", "umin" ];
            p1 = opstring[opc];
            p2 = regString(sf, Rd);
            p3 = regString(sf, Rn);
            p4 = wordtostring(imm8);
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 28, 23) == 0x24) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#log_imm
    {
        if (log) printf("Logical (immediate)\n");
        url        = "log_imm";
        uint sf    = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint opc   = field(ins, 30, 29);
        uint N     = field(ins, 22, 22);
        uint immr  = field(ins, 21, 16);
        uint imms  = field(ins, 15, 10);
        uint Rn    = field(ins,  9,  5);
        uint Rd    = field(ins,  4,  0);
        //printf("sf:%d N:%d immr:x%x imms:x%x\n", sf, N, immr, imms);
        if (sf || N == 0)
        {
            string[4] opstring = [ "and", "orr", "eor", "ands" ];
            p1 = opstring[opc];
            p2 = regString(sf, Rd);
            p3 = regString(sf, Rn);
            ulong imm = decodeNImmrImms(N,immr,imms);
            p4 = wordtostring(imm);

            uint n = snprintf(buf.ptr, buf.length, "%s_log_imm", p1.ptr);
            url2 = buf[0 .. n];

            if (opc == 3 && Rd == 0x1F)
            {
                url2 = "tst_ands_log_imm";
                p1 = "tst";
                shiftP();
            }
            else if (opc == 1 && Rn == 0x1F)
            {
                url2 = "mov_orr_log_imm";
                p1 = "mov";
                p3 = p4;
                p4 = "";
            }
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 28, 23) == 0x25) // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#movewidex
    {
        if (log) printf("Move wide (immediate)\n");
        url        = "movewidex";
        uint sf    = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint opc   = field(ins, 30, 29);
        uint hw    = field(ins, 22, 21);
        uint imm16 = field(ins, 20, 5);
        uint Rd    = field(ins, 4, 0);
        if (opc == 0) // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/movn.html
        {
            if (useAlias)
            {
                bool mov = !(imm16 == 0 && hw != 0) && imm16 != 0xFFFF;
                p1 = mov ? "mov" : "movn";
                ulong imm = cast(ulong)imm16 << (hw * 16);
                if (mov)
                    imm = ~imm;
                if (!sf)
                    imm &= 0xFFFF_FFFF;
                p3 = wordtostring(imm);
                hw = 0;
            }
            else
            {
                p1 = "movn";
                p3 = wordtostring(imm16);
            }
        }
        else if (opc == 2)
        {
            p1 = (imm16 || hw == 0) ? "mov" : "movz";
            p3 = wordtostring(imm16);
        }
        else if (opc == 3)
        {
            p1 = "movk";
            p3 = wordtostring(imm16);
        }
        p2 = regString(sf, Rd);
        if (hw)
        {
            __gshared char[5 + hw.sizeof * 3 + 1 + 1] P4 = '\0';
            const n = snprintf(P4.ptr, P4.length, "lsl #%d", hw * 16);
            p4 = P4[0 .. n];
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 28, 23) == 0x26) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#bitfield
    {
        if (log) printf("Bitfield\n");
        url        = "bitfield";
        uint sf    = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint opc   = field(ins, 30, 29);
        uint N     = field(ins, 22, 22);
        uint immr  = field(ins, 21, 16);
        uint imms  = field(ins, 15, 10);
        uint Rn    = field(ins,  9,  5);
        uint Rd    = field(ins,  4,  0);

        p2 = regString(sf, Rd);
        p3 = regString(sf, Rn);

        if (opc == 0) // SBFM
        {
           if (sf == 1 && N != 1 ||
               sf == 0 && N)
           {
                // undefined
           }
           else if ((sf ? 63 : 31) == imms)
           {
                p1 = "asr";
                p4 = wordtostring(immr);
           }
           else if (imms < immr)
           {
                p1 = "sbfiz";                      // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/sbfiz_sbfm.html
                uint lsb = sf ? (-immr & 63) : (-immr & 31);
                uint width = imms + 1;
                p4 = wordtostring(lsb);  // is this right?
                p5 = wordtostring2(width);
           }
           else if (immr == 0 && imms == 7)
           {
                p1 = "sxtb";
                p3 = regString(0, Rn);
           }
           else if (immr == 0 && imms == 15)
           {
                p1 = "sxth";
                p3 = regString(0, Rn);
           }
           else if (immr == 0 && imms == 31)
           {
                p1 = "sxtw";
                p3 = regString(0, Rn);
           }
           else if (1) // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/sbfx_sbfm.html
           {
                p1 = "sbfx";
                p4 = wordtostring(-immr);
                p5 = wordtostring2(imms + 1 - immr);
           }
           else
           {
                p1 = "sbfm";                       // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/sbfm.html
                p4 = wordtostring(immr);
                p5 = wordtostring2(imms);
           }
        }
        else if (opc == 1) // BFM https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/bfm.html
        {
           if (Rn == 0x1F && imms < immr)
           {
                p1 = "bfc";                       // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/bfc.html
                p3 = wordtostring(-immr);
                p4 = wordtostring2(imms - 1);
           }
           else if (Rn != 0x1F && imms < immr)
           {
                p1 = "bfi";                       // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/bfi.html
                p4 = wordtostring(-immr);
                p5 = wordtostring2(imms - 1);
           }
           else if (imms >= immr)
           {
                p1 = "bfxil";                     // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/bfxil.html
                p4 = wordtostring(immr);
                p5 = wordtostring2(imms + 1 - immr);
           }
           else
           {
                p1 = "bfm";                       // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/bfm.html
                p4 = wordtostring(immr);
                p5 = wordtostring2(imms);
           }
        }
        else if (opc == 2) // UBFM
        {
           if ((sf ? imms != 31 : imms != 15) && imms + 1 == immr)
           {
                p1 = "lsl";                        // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/lsl_ubfm.html
                p4 = wordtostring((sf ? 63 : 31) - imms);
           }
           else if (sf ? imms == 63 : imms == 31)
           {
                p1 = "lsr";                        // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/lsr_ubfm.html
                p4 = wordtostring(immr);
           }
           else if (imms < immr)
           {
                p1 = "ubfiz";                      // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/ubfiz_ubfm.html
                p4 = wordtostring(-immr);
                p5 = wordtostring2(imms - 1);
           }
           else if (immr == 0 && imms == 7)
           {
                p1 = "uxtb";                      // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/uxtb_ubfm.html
           }
           else if (immr == 0 && imms == 15)
           {
                p1 = "uxth";                      // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/uxth_ubfm.html
           }
           else if (1)
           {
                p1 = "ubfx";                      // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/ubfx_ubfm.html
                p4 = wordtostring(immr);
                p5 = wordtostring2(imms + 1 - immr);
           }
           else
           {
                p1 = "ubfm";                       // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/ubfm.html
                p4 = wordtostring(immr);
                p5 = wordtostring2(imms);
           }
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 28, 23) == 0x27) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#extract
    {
        if (log) printf("Extract\n");
        url        = "extract";
        uint sf    = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint op21  = field(ins, 30, 29);
        uint N     = field(ins, 22, 22);
        uint oO    = field(ins, 21, 21);
        uint Rm    = field(ins, 20, 16);
        uint imms  = field(ins, 15, 10);
        uint Rn    = field(ins,  9,  5);
        uint Rd    = field(ins,  4,  0);
        if (Rn == Rm)
        {
            p1 = "ror";
            p2 = regString(sf, Rd);
            p3 = regString(sf, Rn);
            p4 = wordtostring(imms);
        }
        else
        {
            p1 = "extr";
            p2 = regString(sf, Rd);
            p3 = regString(sf, Rn);
            p4 = regString(sf, Rm);
            p5 = wordtostring(imms);
        }
    }
    }
    else

    /* ====================== Branches, Exception Generating and System instructions ============================
     * https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#control
     */
    if (field(ins,28,26) == 5)
    {
        url = "control";

    if (field(ins, 31, 24) == 0x54) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#condbranch
    {
        if (log) printf("Conditional branch (immediate)\n");
        url        = "condbranch";
        uint imm19 = field(ins, 23, 5);
        uint oO    = field(ins, 4, 4);
        uint cond  = field(ins, 3, 0);

        const char* format = oO ? "bc.%s" : "b.%s";
        const n = sprintf(buf.ptr, format, condstring[cond].ptr);
        p1 = buf[0 .. n];
        p2 = wordtostring(imm19);
    }
    else if (field(ins, 31, 24) == 0x55) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#miscbranch
    {
        if (log) printf("Miscellaneous branch (immediate)\n");
        url        = "miscbranch";
        uint opc   = field(ins, 23, 21);
        uint imm16 = field(ins, 20,  5);
        uint op2   = field(ins,  4,  0);

        if ((opc & 6) == 0 && op2 == 0x1F)
        {
            p1 = opc ? "retabsppc" : "retaaspcc";
            p2 = labeltostring(imm16 << 2);
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 31, 24) == 0xD4) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#exception
    {
        if (log) printf("Exception generation\n");
        url        = "exception";
        uint opc   = field(ins, 23, 21);
        uint imm16 = field(ins, 20,  5);
        uint op2   = field(ins,  4,  2);
        uint LL    = field(ins,  1,  0);

        if (op2 == 0)
        {
            uint X(uint opc, uint LL) { return (opc << 2) | LL; }
            switch (X(opc, LL))
            {
                case X(0, 1): p1 = "svc";     goto Limm;
                case X(0, 2): p1 = "hvc";     goto Limm;
                case X(0, 3): p1 = "smc";     goto Limm;
                case X(1, 0): p1 = "brk";     goto Limm;
                case X(2, 0): p1 = "hlt";     goto Limm;
                case X(3, 0): p1 = "tcancel"; goto Limm;
                Limm:
                    p2 = wordtostring(imm16);
                    break;

                case X(5, 1): p1 = "dcps1"; goto Ldcps;
                case X(5, 2): p1 = "dcps2"; goto Ldcps;
                case X(5, 3): p1 = "dcps3"; goto Ldcps;
                Ldcps:
                    if (imm16)
                        p2 = wordtostring(imm16);
                    break;

                default:
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 31, 12) == 0xD5031) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#systeminstrswithreg
    {
        if (log) printf("System instructions with register argument\n");
        url = "systeminstrswithreg";
        uint CRm   = field(ins, 11,  8);
        uint op2   = field(ins,  7,  5);
        uint Rt    = field(ins,  4,  0);

        if (CRm == 0 && (op2 >> 1) == 0)
        {
            p1 = op2 ? "wfit" : "wfet";
            p2 = regString(1, Rt);
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 31, 12) == 0xD5032) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#hints
    {
        if (log) printf("Hints\n");
        url = "hints";
        uint CRm   = field(ins, 11,  8);
        uint op2   = field(ins,  7,  5);
        uint Rt    = field(ins,  4,  0);

        if (CRm <= 5 && Rt == 0x1F)
        {
            uint Z(uint CRm, uint op2) { return (CRm << 3) | op2; }
            switch (Z(CRm, op2))
            {
                case Z(0, 0): p1 = "nop";         break;
                case Z(0, 1): p1 = "yield";       break;
                case Z(0, 2): p1 = "wfe";         break;
                case Z(0, 3): p1 = "wfi";         break;
                case Z(0, 4): p1 = "sev";         break;
                case Z(0, 5): p1 = "sevl";        break;
                case Z(0, 6): p1 = "dgh";         break;
                case Z(0, 7): p1 = "xpaclri";     break;
                case Z(1, 0): p1 = "pacia1716";   break;
                case Z(1, 2): p1 = "pacob1716";   break;
                case Z(1, 4): p1 = "autia1716";   break;
                case Z(1, 6): p1 = "autib1716";   break;
                case Z(2, 0): p1 = "esb";         break;
                case Z(2, 1): p1 = "psb csync";   break;
                case Z(2, 2): p1 = "tsb csync";   break;
                case Z(2, 3): p1 = "gcsb dsync";  break;
                case Z(2, 4): p1 = "csdb";        break;
                case Z(2, 6): p1 = "clrbhb";      break;
                case Z(3, 0): p1 = "paciaz";      break;
                case Z(3, 1): p1 = "paciasp";     break;
                case Z(3, 2): p1 = "pacibz";      break;
                case Z(3, 3): p1 = "pacibsp";     break;
                case Z(3, 4): p1 = "autiaz";      break;
                case Z(3, 5): p1 = "autiasp";     break;
                case Z(3, 6): p1 = "autibz";      break;
                case Z(3, 7): p1 = "autibsp";     break;
                case Z(4, 7): p1 = "pacm";        break;
                case Z(5, 0): p1 = "chkfeat x16"; break;

                default:
                    if (CRm == 4 && (op2 & 1) == 0)
                    {
                        p1 = "bti";
                        string[4] option = [ "", "c", "j", "jc" ];
                        p2 = option[op2 >> 1];
                    }
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 31, 12) == 0xD5033) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#barriers
    {
        if (log) printf("Barriers\n");
        url = "barriers";
        uint CRm   = field(ins, 11,  8);
        uint op2   = field(ins,  7,  5);
        uint Rt    = field(ins,  4,  0);

        if (Rt == 0x1F)
        {
            if (op2 == 2)
            {
                p1 = "clrex";
                if (CRm)
                    p2 = wordtostring(CRm);
            }
            else if (op2 == 4)
            {
                if (CRm == 4)
                    p1 = "pssbb";
                else if (CRm == 0)
                    p1 = "ssbb";
                else
                {
                    p1 = "dsb";
                    p2 = wordtostring(CRm);
                }
            }
            else if (op2 == 5)
            {
                p1 = "dsb";
                p2 = wordtostring(CRm);
            }
            else if (op2 == 6)
            {
                p1 = "isb";
                if (CRm != 15)
                    p2 = wordtostring(CRm);
            }
            else if (op2 == 7)
                p1 = "sb";
            else if ((CRm & 3) == 2 && op2 == 1)
            {
                p1 = "dsb";
                string[4] xs = [ "oshnXS", "nshnXS", "ishnXS", "synXS" ];
                p2 = xs[CRm >> 2];
            }
            else if (CRm == 0 && op2 == 3)
                p1 = "tcommit";
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 31, 19) == 0x1AA0) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#pstate
    {
        if (log) printf("PSTATE\n");
        url = "pstate";
        uint op1   = field(ins, 18, 16);
        uint CRm   = field(ins, 11,  8);
        uint op2   = field(ins,  7,  5);
        uint Rt    = field(ins,  4,  0);

        if (Rt == 0x1F)
        {
            if (op1 == 0 && op2 == 0)
                p1 = "cfinv";
            else if (op1 == 0 && op2 == 1)
                p1 = "xaflag";
            else if (op1 == 0 && op2 == 2)
                p1 = "axflag";
            else
            {
                p1 = "msr";
                p2 = wordtostring((op1 << 7) | (op2 << 4) | CRm); // <pstatefield>
                p3 = wordtostring(CRm);
            }
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 31, 19) == 0x1AA4) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#systemresult
    {
        if (log) printf("System with result\n");
        url = "systemresult";
        uint op1   = field(ins, 18, 16);
        uint CRn   = field(ins, 15, 12);
        uint CRm   = field(ins, 11,  8);
        uint op2   = field(ins,  7,  5);
        uint Rt    = field(ins,  4,  0);

        if (op1 == 3 && CRn == 3 && op2 == 3)
        {
            if (CRm == 0)
            {
                p1 = "tstart";
                p2 = regString(1, Rt);
            }
            else if (CRm == 1)
            {
                p1 = "ttest";
                p2 = regString(1, Rt);
            }
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 31, 22) == 0x354 && field(ins, 20, 19) == 1) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#systeminstrs
    {
        if (log) printf("System instructions\n");
        url = "systeminstrs";
        uint L     = field(ins, 21, 21);
        uint op1   = field(ins, 18, 16);
        uint CRn   = field(ins, 15, 12);
        uint CRm   = field(ins, 11,  8);
        uint op2   = field(ins,  7,  5);
        uint Rt    = field(ins,  4,  0);

        if (L)
        {
            if (op1 == 3 && CRn == 7 && CRm == 7 && (op2 == 1 || op2 == 3))
            {
                p1 = op2 == 1 ? "gcspopm" : "gcss2";
                if (Rt != 0x1F || op2 == 3)
                    p2 = regString(1, Rt);
            }
            else
            {
                p1 = "sysl";
                p2 = regString(1, Rt);
                p3 = wordtostring(op1);
                p4 = cregString(CRn);
                p5 = cregString(CRm);
                p6 = wordtostring2(op2);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            p1 = "sys";
            p2 = wordtostring(op1);
            p3 = cregString(CRn);
            p4 = cregString(CRm);
            p5 = wordtostring2(op2);
            if (Rt != 0x1F)
                p6 = regString(1, Rt);
            // TODO: a bunch of aliases http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/sys.html
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 31, 22) == 0x354 && field(ins, 20, 20) == 1) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#systemmove
    {
        if (log) printf("System register move\n");
        url = "systemmove";
        uint L     = field(ins, 21, 21);
        uint oO    = field(ins, 19, 19);
        uint op1   = field(ins, 18, 16);
        uint CRn   = field(ins, 15, 12);
        uint CRm   = field(ins, 11,  8);
        uint op2   = field(ins,  7,  5);
        uint Rt    = field(ins,  4,  0);

        const n = snprintf(buf.ptr, cast(uint)buf.length, "S%d_%d_%s_%s_%d", oO + 2, op1, cregString(CRn).ptr, cregString(CRm).ptr, op2);
        if (L)
        {
            p1 = "mrs";
            p2 = regString(1, Rt);
            p3 = buf[0 .. n];
        }
        else
        {
            p1 = "msr";
            p3 = buf[0 .. n];
            p3 = regString(1, Rt);
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 31, 22) == 0x355 && field(ins, 20, 19) == 1) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#syspairinstrs
    {
        if (log) printf("System pair instructions\n");
        url = "syspairinstrs";
        uint L     = field(ins, 21, 21);
        uint op1   = field(ins, 18, 16);
        uint CRn   = field(ins, 15, 12);
        uint CRm   = field(ins, 11,  8);
        uint op2   = field(ins,  7,  5);
        uint Rt    = field(ins,  4,  0);

        if (L == 0)
        {
            p1 = "sysp";
            p2 = wordtostring(op1);
            p3 = cregString(CRn);
            p4 = cregString(CRm);
            p5 = wordtostring2(op2);
            if (Rt != 0x1F)
            {
                p6 = regString(1, Rt);
                p7 = regString(1, Rt + 1);
            }
            // TODO: tlbip alias http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/tlbip_sysp.html
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 31, 22) == 0x355 && field(ins, 20, 20) == 1) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#systemmovepr
    {
        if (log) printf("System register pair move\n");
        url = "systemmovepr";
        uint L     = field(ins, 21, 21);
        uint oO    = field(ins, 19, 19);
        uint op1   = field(ins, 18, 16);
        uint CRn   = field(ins, 15, 12);
        uint CRm   = field(ins, 11,  8);
        uint op2   = field(ins,  7,  5);
        uint Rt    = field(ins,  4,  0);

        const n = snprintf(buf.ptr, cast(uint)buf.length, "S%d_%d_%s_%s_%d".ptr, oO + 2, op1, cregString(CRn).ptr, cregString(CRm).ptr, op2);
        if (L)
        {
            p1 = "mrrs";
            p2 = regString(1, Rt);
            p3 = regString(1, Rt + 1);
            p4 = buf[0 .. n];
        }
        else
        {
            p1 = "msrr";
            p2 = buf[0 .. n];
            p3 = regString(1, Rt);
            p4 = regString(1, Rt + 1);
        }
    }
    else

    if (field(ins, 31, 25) == 0x6B) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#branch_reg
    {
        if (log) printf("Unconditional branch (register)\n");
        url = "branch_reg";
        uint opc = field(ins, 24, 21);
        uint op2 = field(ins, 20, 16);
        uint op3 = field(ins, 15, 10);
        uint Rn  = field(ins,  9,  5);
        uint op4 = field(ins,  4,  0);

        //printf("opc x%0x op2 x%0x op3 x%0x Rn x%0x op4 x%0x\n", opc, op2, op3, Rn, op4);
        if (opc == 0 && op2 == 0x1F && op3 == 0 && op4 == 0)
        {
            p1 = "br";
            p2 = xregs[Rn];
        }
        else if (opc == 0 && op2 == 0x1F && op3 == 2 && op4 == 0x1F)
        {
            p1 = "braaz";
            p2 = xregs[Rn];
        }
        else if (opc == 0 && op2 == 0x1F && op3 == 3 && op4 == 0x1F)
        {
            p1 = "brabz";
            p2 = xregs[Rn];
        }
        else if (opc == 1 && op2 == 0x1F && op3 == 0 && op4 == 0)
        {
            p1 = "blr";
            p2 = xregs[Rn];
        }
        else if (opc == 1 && op2 == 0x1F && op3 == 2 && op4 == 0x1F)
        {
            p1 = "blraaz";
            p2 = xregs[Rn];
        }
        else if (opc == 1 && op2 == 0x1F && op3 == 3 && op4 == 0x1F)
        {
            p1 = "blrabz";
            p2 = xregs[Rn];
        }
        else if (opc == 2 && op2 == 0x1F && op3 == 0 && op4 == 0)
        {
            p1 = "ret";
            if (Rn != 30)
                p2 = xregs[Rn];
        }
        else if (opc == 2 && op2 == 0x1F && op3 == 2 && Rn == 0x1F && op4 == 0x1F)
            p1 = "retaa";
        else if (opc == 2 && op2 == 0x1F && op3 == 3 && Rn == 0x1F && op4 == 0x1F)
            p1 = "retab";
        else if (opc == 2 && op2 == 0x1F && op3 == 2 && Rn == 0x1F && op4 != 0x1F)
        {
            p1 = "retaasppc";
            p2 = xregs[op4];
        }
        else if (opc == 2 && op2 == 0x1F && op3 == 3 && Rn == 0x1F && op4 != 0x1F)
        {
            p1 = "retabsppc";
            p2 = xregs[op4];
        }
        else if (opc == 4 && op2 == 0x1F && op3 == 0 && Rn == 0x1F && op4 == 0)
            p1 = "eret";
        else if (opc == 4 && op2 == 0x1F && op3 == 2 && Rn == 0x1F && op4 == 0x1F)
            p1 = "eretaa";
        else if (opc == 4 && op2 == 0x1F && op3 == 3 && Rn == 0x1F && op4 == 0x1F)
            p1 = "eretab";
        else if (opc == 5 && op2 == 0x1F && op3 == 0 && Rn == 0x1F && op4 == 0)
            p1 = "drps";
        else if (opc == 0x8 && op2 == 0x1F && op3 == 2)
        {
            p1 = "braa";
            p2 = xregs[Rn];
            if (op4 != 0x1F)
                p3 = xregs[op4];
        }
        else if (opc == 0x8 && op2 == 0x1F && op3 == 3)
        {
            p1 = "brab";
            p2 = xregs[Rn];
            if (op4 != 0x1F)
                p3 = xregs[op4];
        }
        else if (opc == 0x9 && op2 == 0x1F && op3 == 2)
        {
            p1 = "blraa";
            p2 = xregs[Rn];
            if (op4 != 0x1F)
                p3 = xregs[op4];
        }
        else if (opc == 0x9 && op2 == 0x1F && op3 == 3)
        {
            p1 = "blrab";
            p2 = xregs[Rn];
            if (op4 != 0x1F)
                p3 = xregs[op4];
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 30, 26) == 0x05) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#branch_imm
    {
        if (log) printf("Unconditional branch (immediate)\n");
        url = "branch_imm";
        uint    op = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint imm26 = field(ins, 25,  0);

        p1 = op ? "bl" : "b";
        p2 = wordtostring(imm26 * 4);
    }
    else if (field(ins, 30, 25) == 0x1A) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#compbranch
    {
        if (log) printf("Compare and branch (immediate)\n");
        url = "compbranch";
        uint sf      = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint op      = field(ins, 24, 24);
        uint imm19   = field(ins, 23,  5);
        uint Rt      = field(ins,  4,  0);

        p1 = op ? "cbnz" : "cbz";
        p2 = regString(sf, Rt);
        p3 = wordtostring(imm19 * 4);
    }
    else if (field(ins, 30, 25) == 0x1B) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#testbranch
    {
        if (log) printf("Test and branch (immediate)\n");
        url = "testbranch";
        uint b5      = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint op      = field(ins, 24, 24);
        uint b40     = field(ins, 23, 19);
        uint imm14   = field(ins, 18,  5);
        uint Rt      = field(ins,  4,  0);

        p1 = op ? "tbnz" : "tbz";
        p2 = regString(b5, Rt);
        p3 = wordtostring((b5 << 5) | b40);
        p4 = wordtostring(imm14 * 4);
    }
    }
    else

    /* ====================== Data Processing -- Register ============================
     * https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#dpreg
     */
    if (field(ins,27,25) == 5)
    {
        url = "dpreg";

    if (field(ins, 30, 30) == 0 && field(ins, 28, 21) == 0xD6) // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#dp_2src
    {
        if (log) printf("Data-processing (2 source)\n");
        url = "dp_2src";
        uint sf      = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint S       = field(ins, 29, 29);
        uint Rm      = field(ins, 20, 16);
        uint opcode  = field(ins, 15, 10);
        uint Rn      = field(ins,  9,  5);
        uint Rd      = field(ins,  4,  0);

        p2 = regString(sf, Rd);
        p3 = regString(sf, Rn);
        p4 = regString(sf, Rm);

        uint sfSopcode = (sf << 7) | (S << 6) | opcode;

        switch (sfSopcode)
        {
            case 2: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/udiv.html
            case 0x82:
                p1 = "udiv";
                break;

            case 3: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/sdiv.html
            case 0x83:
                p1 = "sdiv";
                break;

            case 8: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/lslv.html
            case 0x88:
                p1 = "lsl";
                break;

            case 9: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/lsrv.html
            case 0x89:
                p1 = "lsr";
                break;

            case 0x0A: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/asrv.html
            case 0x8A:
                p1 = "asr";
                break;

            case 0x0B: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/rorv.html
            case 0x8B:
                p1 = "ror";
                break;

            case 0x10: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/rorv.html
                p1 = "crc32b";
                break;

            case 0x11: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/crc32.html#CRC32B_32C_dp_2src
                p1 = "crc32h";
                break;

            case 0x12: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/rorv.html
                p1 = "crc32w";
                break;

            case 0x14: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/rorv.html
                p1 = "crc32cb";
                break;

            case 0x15: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/rorv.html
                p1 = "crc32ch";
                break;

            case 0x16: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/rorv.html
                p1 = "crc32cw";
                break;

            case 0x18: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/rorv.html
            case 0x98:
                p1 = "smax";
                break;

            case 0x19: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/rorv.html
            case 0x99:
                p1 = "umax";
                break;

            case 0x1A: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/rorv.html
            case 0x9A:
                p1 = "smin";
                break;

            case 0x1B: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/rorv.html
            case 0x9B:
                p1 = "umin";
                break;

            case 0x80: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/subp.html
                p1 = "subp";
                break;

            case 0xC0: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/subps.html
                p1 = "subs";
                break;

            case 0x93: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/crc32x.html
                p1 = "crc32x";
                break;

            case 0x97: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/crc32cx.html
                p1 = "crc32x";
                break;

            case 0x84: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/irg.html
                p1 = "irg";
                break;

            case 0x85: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/gmi.html
                p1 = "gmi";
                break;

            case 0x8C: // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/pacga.html
                p1 = "pacga";
                break;

            default:
                p2 = p3 = p4 = "";
                break;
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 30, 30) == 1 && field(ins, 28, 21) == 0xD6) // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#dp_1src
    {
        if (log) printf("Data-processing (1 source)\n");
        url = "dp_1src";
        uint sf      = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint S       = field(ins, 29, 29);
        uint opcode2 = field(ins, 20, 16);
        uint opcode  = field(ins, 15, 10);
        uint Rn      = field(ins,  9,  5);
        uint Rd      = field(ins,  4,  0);

        p2 = regString(sf, Rd);
        p3 = regString(sf, Rn);

        uint decode(uint sf, uint S, uint opcode2, uint opcode)
        { return (sf << (1 + 5 + 6)) | (S << (5 + 6)) | (opcode2 << 6) | opcode; }

        switch (decode(sf, S, opcode2, opcode))
        {
            case decode(0, 0, 0, 0x00):
            case decode(1, 0, 0, 0x00):     p1 = "rbit";    break;
            case decode(0, 0, 0, 0x01):
            case decode(1, 0, 0, 0x01):     p1 = "rev16";   break;
            case decode(0, 0, 0, 0x02):     p1 = "rev";     break;
            case decode(1, 0, 0, 0x02):     p1 = "rev32";   break;
            case decode(1, 0, 0, 0x03):     p1 = "rev64";   break;
            case decode(0, 0, 0, 0x04):
            case decode(1, 0, 0, 0x04):     p1 = "clz";     break;
            case decode(0, 0, 0, 0x05):
            case decode(1, 0, 0, 0x05):     p1 = "cls";     break;
            case decode(0, 0, 0, 0x06):
            case decode(1, 0, 0, 0x06):     p1 = "ctz";     break;
            case decode(0, 0, 0, 0x07):
            case decode(1, 0, 0, 0x07):     p1 = "cnt";     break;
            case decode(0, 0, 0, 0x08):
            case decode(1, 0, 0, 0x08):     p1 = "abs";     break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x00):     p1 = "pacia";   break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x01):     p1 = "pacib";   break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x02):     p1 = "pacda";   break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x03):     p1 = "pacdb";   break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x04):     p1 = "autia";   break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x05):     p1 = "autib";   break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x06):     p1 = "autda";   break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x07):     p1 = "autdb";   break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x08):     if (Rn == 0x1F) p1 = "paciza";  break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x09):     if (Rn == 0x1F) p1 = "pacizb";  break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x0A):     if (Rn == 0x1F) p1 = "pacdza";  break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x0B):     if (Rn == 0x1F) p1 = "pacdzb";  break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x0C):     if (Rn == 0x1F) p1 = "autiza";  break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x0D):     if (Rn == 0x1F) p1 = "autizb";  break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x0E):     if (Rn == 0x1F) p1 = "autdza";  break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x0F):     if (Rn == 0x1F) p1 = "autdzb";  break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x10):     if (Rn == 0x1F) p1 = "xpaci";   break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x11):     if (Rn == 0x1F) p1 = "xpacd";   break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x20):     if (Rn == 0x1F && Rd == 0x1E)   p1 = "pacnbiasppc"; break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x21):     if (Rn == 0x1F && Rd == 0x1E)   p1 = "pacnbibsppc"; break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x22):     if (Rn == 0x1F && Rd == 0x1E)   p1 = "pacia171615"; break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x23):     if (Rn == 0x1F && Rd == 0x1E)   p1 = "pacib171615"; break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x24):     if (              Rd == 0x1E)   p1 = "autiasppc";   break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x25):     if (              Rd == 0x1E)   p1 = "autibsppc";   break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x28):     if (Rn == 0x1F && Rd == 0x1E)   p1 = "paciasppc";   break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x29):     if (Rn == 0x1F && Rd == 0x1E)   p1 = "pacibsppc";   break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x2E):     if (Rn == 0x1F && Rd == 0x1E)   p1 = "autia171615"; break;
            case decode(1, 0, 1, 0x2F):     if (Rn == 0x1F && Rd == 0x1E)   p1 = "autib171615"; break;

            default: p2 = p3 = ""; break;
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 28, 24) == 0x0A) // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#log_shift
    {
        if (log) printf("Logical (shifted register)\n");
        url = "log_shift";
        uint sf      = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint opc     = field(ins, 30, 29);
        uint shift   = field(ins, 23, 22);
        uint N       = field(ins, 21, 21);
        uint Rm      = field(ins, 20, 16);
        uint imm6    = field(ins, 15, 10);
        uint Rn      = field(ins,  9,  5);
        uint Rd      = field(ins,  4,  0);

        string[8] opstring = [ "and", "bic", "orr", "orn", "eor", "eon", "ands", "bics" ];
        p1 = opstring[(opc << 1) | N];
        p2 = regString(sf, Rd);
        p3 = regString(sf, Rn);
        p4 = regString(sf, Rm);
        string[4] shiftstring = [ "", "lsr ", "asr ", "ror " ];
        if (imm6)
        {
            __gshared char[4 + 3 + imm6.sizeof * 3 + 1 + 1] P5 = '\0';
            const n = snprintf(P5.ptr, P5.length, ((imm6 < 10) ? "%s #%d" : "#0x%X"), shiftstring[shift].ptr, imm6);
            p5 = P5[0 .. n];
        }
        if (((opc << 1) | N) == 2 && Rn == 0x1F)
        {
            p1 = "mov"; // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/mov_orr_log_shift.html
            p3 = p4;
            p4 = p5;
            p5 = "";
        }
        else if (((opc << 1) | N) == 3 && Rn == 0x1F)
        {
            p1 = "mvn"; // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/mvn_orn_log_shift.html
            p3 = p4;
            p4 = p5;
            p5 = "";
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 28, 24) == 0x0B && field(ins, 21, 21) == 0) // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#addsub_shift
    {
        if (log) printf("Add/subtract (shifted register)\n");
        url = "addsub_shift";
        uint sf     = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint op     = field(ins, 30, 30);
        uint S      = field(ins, 29, 29);
        uint shift  = field(ins, 23, 22);
        uint Rm     = field(ins, 20, 16);
        uint immed6 = field(ins, 15, 10);
        uint Rn     = field(ins,  9,  5);
        uint Rd     = field(ins,  4,  0);

        uint opS = op * 2 + S;
        p1 = addsubTab[opS];
        p2 = regString(sf, Rd);
        p3 = regString(sf, Rn);
        p4 = regString(sf, Rm);

        if (immed6) // defaults to 0
        {
            string[4] tab2 = [ "lsl", "lsr", "asr", "reserved" ];
            __gshared char[1 + 8 + 1 + 3 + immed6.sizeof * 3 + 1 + 1] P5buf = '\0';
            const n = snprintf(P5buf.ptr, P5buf.length, ((immed6 < 10) ? "%s #%d".ptr : "#0x%X".ptr), tab2[shift].ptr, immed6);
            p5 = P5buf[0 .. n];
        }

        if (opS == 1 && Rd == 31) // adds
        {
            p1 = "cmn"; // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/cmn_adds_addsub_shift.html
            shiftP();
        }
        else if (opS == 2 && Rn == 31)
        {
            p1 = "neg"; // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/neg_sub_addsub_shift.html
            p3 = p4;
            p4 = p5;
            p5 = "";
        }
        else if (opS == 3) // subs
        {
            if (Rd == 31)
            {
                p1 = "cmp";
                shiftP();
            }
            else if (Rn == 31)
            {
                p1 = "negs";
                shiftP();
            }
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 28, 24) == 0x0B && field(ins, 21, 21)) // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#addsub_ext
    {
        if (log) printf("Add/subtract (extended register)\n");
        url = "addsub_ext";
        uint sf     = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint op     = field(ins, 30, 30);
        uint S      = field(ins, 29, 29);
        uint opt    = field(ins, 23, 22);
        uint Rm     = field(ins, 20, 16);
        uint option = field(ins, 15, 13);
        uint imm3   = field(ins, 12, 10);
        uint Rn     = field(ins,  9,  5);
        uint Rd     = field(ins,  4,  0);
        //printf("Rd: x%x\n", Rd);

        string[8] tab = [ "uxtb", "uxth", "uxtw", "uxtx", "sxtb","sxth", "sxtw", "sxtx" ];
        const(char)[] extend;
        if (sf && Rn == 0x1F && option == 3 ||
           !sf && Rn == 0x1F && option == 2)
            extend = imm3 ? "lsl" : "";
        else
            extend = tab[option];

        uint opS = op * 2 + S;
        p1 = addsubTab[opS];
        p2 = regString(sf, Rd);
        p3 = regString(sf, Rn);
        if (sf)
            p4 = regString(option == 3 || option == 7, Rm);
        else
            p4 = regString(sf, Rm);

        __gshared char[1 + 4 + 1 + 3 + imm3.sizeof * 3 + 1 + 1] P5buf2 = '\0';
        if (imm3 == 0)
            p5 = extend;
        else
        {
            const n = snprintf(P5buf2.ptr, P5buf2.length, ((imm3 < 10) ? "%s #%d" : "#0x%X"), extend.ptr, imm3);
            p5 = P5buf2[0 .. n];
        }

        if (opS == 1 && Rd == 31)
        {
            p1 = "cmn"; // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/cmn_adds_addsub_ext.html
            shiftP();
        }
        else if (opS == 3 && Rd == 31)
        {
            p1 = "cmp"; // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/cmp_subs_addsub_ext.html
            shiftP();
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 28, 21) == 0xD0 && field(ins, 15, 10) == 0) // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#addsub_carry
    {
        if (log) printf("Add/subtract (with carry)\n");
        url = "addsub_carry";
        uint sf     = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint op     = field(ins, 30, 30);
        uint S      = field(ins, 29, 29);
        uint Rm     = field(ins, 20, 16);
        uint Rn     = field(ins,  9,  5);
        uint Rd     = field(ins,  4,  0);

        string[4] opstring = [ "adc", "adcs", "sbc", "sbcs" ];
        p1 = opstring[op * 2 + S];
        p2 = regString(sf, Rd);
        p3 = regString(sf, Rn);
        p4 = regString(sf, Rm);
    }
    else if (field(ins, 28, 21) == 0xD0 && field(ins, 15, 13) == 1) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#addsub_pt
    {
        if (log) printf("Add/subtract (checked pointer)\n");
        url = "addsub_pt";
        uint sf     = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint op     = field(ins, 30, 30);
        uint S      = field(ins, 29, 29);
        uint Rm     = field(ins, 20, 16);
        uint imm3   = field(ins, 12, 10);
        uint Rn     = field(ins,  9,  5);
        uint Rd     = field(ins,  4,  0);

        uint sfopS  = field(ins, 31, 29);
        if (sfopS == 4 || sfopS == 6)
        {
            string[4] opstring = [ "adc", "adcs", "sbc", "sbcs" ];
            p1 = sfopS == 4 ? "addpt" : "subpt";
            p2 = regString(sf, Rd);
            p3 = regString(sf, Rn);
            p4 = regString(sf, Rm);
            if (imm3)
            {
                __gshared char[7 + imm3.sizeof * 3 + 1] P5buf3 = '\0';
                size_t n = snprintf(P5buf3.ptr, P5buf3.length, ((imm3 < 10) ? "LSL #%d" : "LSL #0x%X"), imm3);
                assert(n <= P5buf3.length);
                p5 = P5buf3[0 .. n];
            }
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 28, 21) == 0xD0 && field(ins, 14, 10) == 1) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#rmif
    {
        if (log) printf("Rotate right into flags\n");
        url = "rmif";
        uint sf     = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint op     = field(ins, 30, 30);
        uint S      = field(ins, 29, 29);
        uint imm3   = field(ins, 20, 15);
        uint Rn     = field(ins,  9,  5);
        uint o2     = field(ins,  4,  4);
        uint mask   = field(ins,  3,  0);

        if (sf == 1 && op == 0 && S == 1 && o2 == 0)
        {
            p1 = "rmif";
            p2 = regString(sf, Rn);
            p3 = wordtostring(imm3);
            p4 = wordtostring2(mask);
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 28, 21) == 0xD0 && field(ins, 13, 10) == 2) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#setf
    {
        if (log) printf("Evaluate into flags\n");
        url = "setf";
        uint sf     = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint op     = field(ins, 30, 30);
        uint S      = field(ins, 29, 29);
        uint opcode2= field(ins, 20, 15);
        uint sz     = field(ins,  2,  2);
        uint Rn     = field(ins,  9,  5);
        uint o3     = field(ins,  4,  4);
        uint mask   = field(ins,  3,  0);

        if (sf == 0 && op == 0 && S == 1 && opcode2 == 0 && o3 == 1 && mask == 0xD)
        {
            p1 = sz ? "setf16" : "setf8";
            p2 = regString(sf, Rn);
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 28, 21) == 0xD2 && field(ins, 11, 11) == 0)
    {
        if (log) printf("Conditional compare (register)\n"); // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#condcmp_reg
        url = "condcmp_reg";
        if (log) printf("Conditional compare (immediate)\n"); // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#condcmp_imm
        uint sf     = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint op     = field(ins, 30, 30);
        uint S      = field(ins, 29, 29);
        uint Rm     = field(ins, 20, 16);
        uint imm5   = Rm;
        uint cond   = field(ins, 15, 12);
        uint o2     = field(ins, 10, 10);
        uint Rn     = field(ins,  9,  5);
        uint o3     = field(ins,  4,  4);
        uint nzcv   = field(ins,  3,  0);

        if (S == 1 && o2 == 0 && o3 == 0)
        {
            p1 = sf * 2 + op ? "ccmn" : "ccmp";
            p2 = regString(sf, Rn);
            p3 = field(ins, 11, 11) ? wordtostring(imm5) : regString(sf, Rm);
            p4 = wordtostring(nzcv);
            p5 = condstring[cond];
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 28, 21) == 0xD4) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#condsel
    {
        if (log) printf("Conditional select\n");
        url = "condsel";
        uint sf     = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint op     = field(ins, 30, 30);
        uint S      = field(ins, 29, 29);
        uint Rm     = field(ins, 20, 16);
        uint cond   = field(ins, 15, 12);
        uint op2    = field(ins, 11, 10);
        uint Rn     = field(ins,  9,  5);
        uint Rd     = field(ins,  4,  0);

        string[4] opstring = [ "csel", "csinc", "csinv", "csneg" ];
        p1 = opstring[op * 2 + (op2 & 1)];
        p2 = regString(sf, Rd);
        if (op * 2 + (op2 & 1) == 1 &&
            Rm == 0x1F && Rn == 0x1F)
        {
            p1 = "cset";                // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/cset_csinc.html
            p3 = condstring[cond ^ 1];
        }
        else
        {
            p3 = regString(sf, Rn);
            p4 = regString(sf, Rm);
            p5 = condstring[cond];
        }
    }
    else if (field(ins, 28, 24) == 0x1B) // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#dp_3src
    {
        if (log) printf("Data-processing (3 source)\n");
        url = "dp_3src";
        uint sf     = field(ins, 31, 31);
        uint op54   = field(ins, 30, 29);
        uint op31   = field(ins, 23, 21);
        uint Rm     = field(ins, 20, 16);
        uint oO     = field(ins, 15, 15);
        uint Ra     = field(ins, 14, 10);
        uint Rn     = field(ins,  9,  5);
        uint Rd     = field(ins,  4,  0);

        if (op54 == 0)
        {
            if (op54 == 0 && op31 == 0)
            {
                p1 = oO ? "msub" : "madd";
                p2 = regString(sf, Rd);
                p3 = regString(sf, Rn);
                p4 = regString(sf, Rm);
                p5 = regString(sf, Ra);
                if (oO == 0 && Ra == 0x1F)
                {
                    // http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/mul_madd.html
                    p1 = "mul";
                    p5 = "";
                }
            }
            else if (sf)
            {
                uint Y(uint op31, uint oO) { return op31 * 2 + oO; }
                switch (Y(op31, oO))
                {
                    case Y(1, 0): p1 = "smaddl"; goto Lxwwx;
                    case Y(1, 1): p1 = "smsubl"; goto Lxwwx;
                    case Y(2, 0): p1 = "smulh";  goto Lxxx;
                    case Y(3, 0): p1 = "maddpt"; goto Lxxxx;
                    case Y(3, 1): p1 = "msubpt"; goto Lxxxx;
                    case Y(5, 0): p1 = "umaddl"; goto Lxwwx;
                    case Y(5, 1): p1 = "umsubl"; goto Lxwwx;
                    case Y(6, 0): p1 = "umulh";  goto Lxxx;

                    Lxwwx:
                        p2 = regString(sf, Rd);
                        p3 = regString( 0, Rn);
                        p4 = regString( 0, Rm);
                        p5 = regString(sf, Ra);
                        break;

                    Lxxx:
                        p2 = regString(sf, Rd);
                        p3 = regString(sf, Rn);
                        p4 = regString(sf, Rm);
                        break;

                    Lxxxx:
                        p2 = regString(sf, Rd);
                        p3 = regString(sf, Rn);
                        p4 = regString(sf, Rm);
                        p5 = regString(sf, Ra);
                        break;

                    default: break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    }
    else

    /*====================== Data Processing -- Scalar Floating-Point and Advanced SIMD ============================
     * https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#simd_dp
     */
    if (field(ins,27,25) == 7)
    {
        url = "simd_dp";

    // Cryptographic AES
    if (field(ins, 31, 24) == 0x4E && field(ins, 21, 17) == 0x14 && field(ins, 11, 10) == 2) // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#cryptoaes
    {
        url = "cryptoaes";
        uint size   = field(ins, 23, 22);
        uint opcode = field(ins, 16, 12);
        uint Rn     = field(ins, 9, 5);
        uint Rd     = field(ins, 4, 0);

        if (size == 0)
            switch (opcode)
            {
                case 4: p1 = "aese";   break;
                case 5: p1 = "aesd";   break;
                case 6: p1 = "aesmc";  break;
                case 7: p1 = "aesimc"; break;
                default: break;
            }

        const n = snprintf(buf.ptr, buf.length, "V%d.16B, V%d.16B", Rd, Rn);
        p2 = buf[0 .. n];
    }
    else

    // Cryptographic three-register SHA https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#cryptosha3
    if (field(ins,31,24) == 0x5E && field(ins,21,21) == 0 && field(ins,15,15) == 0 && field(ins,11,10) == 0)
    {
        url = "cryptosha3";
    }
    else

    // Cryptographic two-register SHA https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#cryptosha2
    if (field(ins,31,24) == 0x5E && field(ins,21,17) == 0x14 && field(ins,11,10) == 2)
    {
        url = "cryptosha2";
    }
    else

    // Advanced SIMD scalar copy https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asisdone
    if (field(ins,31,30) == 1 && field(ins,28,21) == 0xF0 && field(ins,15,15) == 0 && field(ins,10,10) == 1)
    {
        url = "asisdone";
    }
    else

    // Advanced SIMD scalar three same FP16 https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asisdsamefp16
    if (field(ins,31,30) == 1 && field(ins,28,24) == 0x1E && field(ins,22,21) == 2 && field(ins,11,10) == 1)
    {
        url = "asisdsamefp16";
    }
    else

    // Advanced SIMD scalar two-register miscellaneous FP16 https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asisdmiscfp16
    if (field(ins,31,30) == 1 && field(ins,28,24) == 0x1E && field(ins,22,17) == 0x3C && field(ins,15,14) == 0 && field(ins,11,10) == 2)
    {
        url = "asisdmiscfp16";
    }
    else

    // Advanced SIMD scalar three same extra https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asisdsame2
    if (field(ins,31,30) == 1 && field(ins,28,24) == 0x1E && field(ins,21,21) == 0 && field(ins,15,15) == 1 && field(ins,10,10) == 1)
    {
        url = "asisdsame2";
    }
    else

    // Advanced SIMD scalar two-register miscellaneous http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asisdmisc
    if (field(ins,31,30) == 1 && field(ins,28,24) == 0x1E && field(ins,21,17) == 0x10 && field(ins,11,10) == 2)
    {
        url = "asisdmisc";
        uint U      = field(ins,29,29);
        uint size   = field(ins,23,22);
        uint opcode = field(ins,16,12);
        uint Rn     = field(ins, 9, 5);
        uint Rd     = field(ins, 4, 0);

        if (size & 2 && opcode == 0x1B)  // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/fcvtzs_advsimd_int.html
        {                                // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/fcvtzu_advsimd_int.html
            p1 = U == 0 ? "fcvtzs"  // fcvtzs <V><d>, <V><n> Scalar single-precision and double-precision
                        : "fcvtzu"; // fcvtzu <V><d>, <V><n> Scalar single-precision and double-precision
            p2 = fregString(rbuf[0 .. 4],"sd h"[size & 1],Rd);
            p3 = fregString(rbuf[4 .. 8],"sd h"[size & 1],Rn);
        }
    }
    else

    // Advanced SIMD scalar pairwise https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asisdpair
    if (field(ins,31,30) == 1 && field(ins,28,24) == 0x1E && field(ins,21,17) == 0x18 && field(ins,11,10) == 2)
    {
        url = "asisdpair";
    }
    else

    // Advanced SIMD scalar three different https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asisddiff
    // Advanced SIMD scalar three same https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asisdsame
    // Advanced SIMD scalar shift by immediate https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asisdshf
    // Advanced SIMD scalar x indexed element https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asisdelem
    // Advanced SIMD table lookup https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asimdtbl
    // Advanced SIMD permute https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asimdperm
    // Advanced SIMD extract https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asimdext

    // Advanced SIMD copy https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asimdins
    if (field(ins,31,31) == 0 && field(ins,28,21) == 0x70 && field(ins,15,15) == 0 && field(ins,10,10) == 1)
    {
        url = "asimdins";
        uint Q    = field(ins,30,30);
        uint op   = field(ins,29,29);
        uint imm5 = field(ins,20,16);
        uint imm4 = field(ins,14,11);
        uint Rn   = field(ins, 9, 5);
        uint Rd   = field(ins, 4, 0);
    }
    else

    // Advanced SIMD three same (FP16) https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asimdsamefp16
    // Advanced SIMD two-register miscellaneous (FP16) https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asimdmiscfp16
    // Advanced SIMD three-register extension https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asimdsame2

    // Advanced SIMD two-register miscellaneous https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asimdmisc
    if (field(ins,31,31) == 0 && field(ins,28,24) == 0x0E && field(ins,21,17) == 0x10 && field(ins,11,10) == 2)
    {
        url = "asimdmisc";
        uint Q      = field(ins,30,30);
        uint U      = field(ins,29,29);
        uint size   = field(ins,23,22);
        uint opcode = field(ins,16,12);
        uint Rn     = field(ins, 9, 5);
        uint Rd     = field(ins, 4, 0);
        //printf("ins:%08x Q:%d U:%d size:%d opcode:%x Rn:%d Rd:%d\n", ins, Q, U, size, opcode, Rn, Rd);

        immutable string[4] sizeQ = ["2S","4S","","2D"];

        if (U == 0 && size == 0 && opcode == 0x05)      // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/cnt_advsimd.html
        {
            p1 = "cnt";                                 // cnt <Vd>.<T>, <Vn>.<T>
            p2 = vregString(rbuf[0 ..  7], Q, Rd);
            p3 = vregString(rbuf[8 .. 14], Q, Rn);
            //printf("p2: %.*s p3: %.*s\n", cast(int)p2.length, p2.ptr, cast(int)p3.length, p3.ptr);
        }
        else if ((size & 2) && opcode == 0x1B)  // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/fcvtzs_advsimd_int.html
        {                                       // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/fcvtzu_advsimd_int.html
            p1 = U == 0 ? "fcvtzs"  // fcvtzs <Vd>.<T>, <Vn>.<T> Vector single-precision and double-precision
                        : "fcvtzu"; // fcvtzu <Vd>.<T>, <Vn>.<T> Vector single-precision and double-precision

            uint n = snprintf(rbuf.ptr, 7, "v%d.%s", Rd, sizeQ[(size & 1) * 2 + Q].ptr);
            p2 = buf[0 .. n];
            uint m = snprintf(rbuf.ptr + 7,  7, "v%d.%s", Rn, sizeQ[(size & 1) * 2 + Q].ptr);
            p3 = buf[7 .. 7 + m];
        }
    }
    else

    // Advanced SIMD across lanes https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asimdall
    if (field(ins,31,31) == 0 &&
        field(ins,28,24) == 0x0E &&
        field(ins,21,17) == 0x18 &&
        field(ins,11,10) == 2)
    {
        url = "asimdall";

        uint Q      = field(ins,30,30);
        uint U      = field(ins,29,29);
        uint size   = field(ins,23,22);
        uint opcode = field(ins,16,12);
        uint Rn     = field(ins, 9, 5);
        uint Rd     = field(ins, 4, 0);
        //printf("ins:%08x Q:%d U:%d size:%d opcode:%x Rn:%d Rd:%d\n", ins, Q, U, size, opcode, Rn, Rd);

        immutable string[8] sizeQ = ["8b","16b","4h","8h","","4s","",""];

        if (U == 0 && opcode == 0x1B)   // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/addv_advsimd.html
        {
            p1 = "addv";
            p2 = fregString(rbuf[0 .. 4], "bhs "[size], Rd);

            uint n = snprintf(buf.ptr, cast(uint)buf.length, "v%d.%s", Rn, sizeQ[size * 2 + Q].ptr);
            p3 = buf[0 .. n];
        }
        else if (U == 1 && opcode == 3) // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/uaddlv_advsimd.html
        {
            p1 = "uaddlv";
            p2 = fregString(rbuf[0 .. 4], "hsd "[size], Rd);

            uint n = snprintf(buf.ptr, cast(uint)buf.length, "v%d.%s", Rn, sizeQ[size * 2 + Q].ptr);
            p3 = buf[0 .. n];
        }
    }
    else

    // Advanced SIMD three different https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asimddiff

    // Advanced SIMD three same https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asimdsame
    if (field(ins,31,31) == 0 && field(ins,28,24) == 0x0E && field(ins,21,21) == 1 && field(ins,10,10) == 1)
    {
        url = "asimdsame";

        uint Q      = field(ins,30,30);
        uint U      = field(ins,29,29);
        uint size   = field(ins,23,22);
        uint Rm     = field(ins,20,16);
        uint opcode = field(ins,15,11);
        uint Rn     = field(ins, 9, 5);
        uint Rd     = field(ins, 4, 0);
        //printf("ins:%08x Q:%d U:%d size:%d opcode:%x Rm:%d Rn:%d Rd:%d\n", ins, Q, U, size, opcode, Rm, Rn, Rd);

        uint Qn = (Q + 1) * 8;
        switch (opcode)
        {
            case 3:
                if (U == 0 && size == 2)
                {
                    if (Rm == Rn)
                    {
                        p1 = "mov"; // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/mov_orr_advsimd_reg.html
                        uint n = snprintf(buf.ptr, cast(uint)buf.length, "v%d.%db,v%d.%db", Rd, Qn, Rn, Qn);
                        p2 = buf[0 .. n];
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        p1 = "orr"; // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/orr_advsimd.html
                        uint n = snprintf(buf.ptr, cast(uint)buf.length, "v%d.%db,v%d.%db,v%d.%db", Rd, Qn, Rn, Qn, Rm, Qn);
                        p2 = buf[0 .. n];
                    }
                }
                break;

            default:
                break;
        }
    }
    else

    // Advanced SIMD modified immediate https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asimdimm
    if (field(ins,31,31) == 0 && field(ins,28,19) == 0x1E0 && field(ins,10,10) == 1)
    {
        url = "asimdimm";

        uint Q = field(ins,30,30);
        uint op = field(ins,29,29);
        uint abcdefgh = (field(ins,18,16) << 5) | field(ins,9,5);
        uint cmode = field(ins,15,12);
        uint o2 = field(ins,11,11);
        uint Rd = field(ins,4,0);

        if (Q == 1 && op == 1 && cmode == 0xE)
        {
            url2 = "movi_advsimd";
            p1 = "movi";    // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/movi_advsimd.html
            // TODO AArch64 implement https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/shared_pseudocode.html#impl-shared.AdvSIMDExpandImm.3
            uint n = snprintf(buf.ptr, cast(uint)buf.length, "v%d.2d,#0x%x", Rd, abcdefgh);
            p2 = buf[0 .. n];
        }
    }
    else

    // Advanced SIMD shift by immediate https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asimdshf
    // Advanced SIMD vector x indexed element https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asimdelem
    // Cryptographic three-register, imm2 https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#crypto3_imm2
    // Cryptographic three-register SHA 512 https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#cryptosha512_3
    // Cryptographic four-register https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#crypto4
    // XAR https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/xar_advsimd.html
    // Cryptographic two-regsiter SHA 512 https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#cryptosha512_2
    // Conversion between floating-point and fixed-point https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#float2fix
    if (field(ins,30,30) == 0 &&
        field(ins,28,24) == 0x1E &&
        field(ins,21,21) == 0 &&
        field(ins,15,10) == 0)
    {
        url = "float2fix";

        uint sf     = field(ins,31,31);
        uint S      = field(ins,29,29);
        uint ftype  = field(ins,23,22);
        uint rmode  = field(ins,20,19);
        uint opcode = field(ins,18,16);
        uint scale  = field(ins,15,10);
        uint Rn     = field(ins, 9, 5);
        uint Rd     = field(ins, 4, 0);
        printf("sf:%d S:%d ftype:%d rmode:%d opcode:%d scale:%d Rn:%d Rd:%d\n", sf, S, ftype, rmode, opcode, scale, Rn, Rd);
    }
    else

    // Conversion between floating-point and integer http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#float2int
    if (field(ins,30,30) == 0 &&
        field(ins,28,24) == 0x1E &&
        field(ins,21,21) == 1 &&
        field(ins,15,10) == 0)
    {
        url = "float2int";

        uint sf     = field(ins,31,31);
        uint S      = field(ins,29,29);
        uint ftype  = field(ins,23,22);
        uint rmode  = field(ins,20,19);
        uint opcode = field(ins,18,16);
        uint Rn     = field(ins, 9, 5);
        uint Rd     = field(ins, 4, 0);
        //printf("sf:%d S:%d ftype:%d rmode:%d opcode:%d Rn:%d Rd:%d\n", sf, S, ftype, rmode, opcode, Rn, Rd);

        if (S == 0)
        {
            p1 = "fmov"; // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/fmov_float_gen.html

            if (sf == 0 && ftype == 0 && rmode == 0 && opcode == 7)
            {
                p2 = fregString(rbuf[4 .. 8],"sd h"[ftype],Rd);
                p3 = regString(sf,Rn);
            }
            else if (sf == 0 && ftype == 0 && rmode == 0 && opcode == 6)
            {
                p2 = regString(sf,Rd);
                p3 = fregString(rbuf[4 .. 8],"sd h"[ftype],Rn);
            }
            else if (rmode == 3 && (opcode & ~1) == 0)
            {
                p1 = opcode ? "fcvtzu" : "fcvtzs";
                p2 = regString(sf,Rd);
                p3 = fregString(rbuf[4 .. 8],"sd h"[ftype],Rn);
            }
            else if (sf == 1 && ftype == 1 && rmode == 0 && opcode == 6)
            {
                p2 = regString(sf,Rd);
                p3 = fregString(rbuf[4 .. 8],"sd h"[ftype],Rn);
            }
            else if (sf == 1 && ftype == 1 && rmode == 0 && opcode == 7)
            {
                p2 = fregString(rbuf[4 .. 8],"sd h"[ftype],Rd);
                p3 = regString(sf,Rn);
            }
            else if (S == 0 && rmode == 0 && (opcode & ~1) == 2)
            {
                p1 = opcode & 1 ? "ucvtf" : "scvtf";
                p2 = fregString(rbuf[4 .. 8],"sd h"[ftype],Rd);
                p3 = regString(sf,Rn);
            }
            else if (sf == 1 && ftype == 2 && rmode == 1 && opcode == 6) // top half to 64 bit
            {
                p2 = regString(sf,Rd);
                const n = snprintf(rbuf.ptr, rbuf.length, "v%d.d[1]", Rn);
                p3 = rbuf[0 .. n];
            }
            else if (sf == 1 && ftype == 2 && rmode == 1 && opcode == 7) // 64 bit to top half
            {
                const n = snprintf(rbuf.ptr, rbuf.length, "v%d.d[1]", Rd);
                p2 = rbuf[0 .. n];
                p3 = regString(sf,Rn);
            }
        }
    }
    else

    // Floating-point data-processing (1 source) https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#floatdp1
    if (field(ins,28,24) == 0x1E &&
        field(ins,21,21) == 1 &&
        field(ins,14,10) == 0x10)
    {
        url = "floatdp1";

        uint M      = field(ins,31,31);
        uint S      = field(ins,29,29);
        uint ftype  = field(ins,23,22);
        uint opcode = field(ins,20,15);
        uint Rn     = field(ins, 9, 5);
        uint Rd     = field(ins, 4, 0);

        static immutable string[20] fops = ["fmov",  "fabs",    "fneg",    "fqsrt",   "fcvt",
                                            "fcvt",  "",        "fcvt",    "frintn",  "frintp",
                                            "frintm","frintz",  "frinta",  "",        "frintx",
                                            "frinti","frint32z","frint32x","frint64z","frint64x"];
        if (M == 1 || S == 1 ||
            (opcode & 0x20) ||
            ((ftype & 1)  && opcode == 0xD) ||
            ((ftype & 2) == 0 && (opcode & 0x3C) == 0x18) ||
            ((ftype & 2) == 0 && (opcode & 0x38) == 0x08) ||
            (ftype == 0 && (opcode & 0x3D) == 0x4) ||
            (ftype == 1 && opcode == 5) ||
            (ftype == 2 && (opcode & 0x20) == 0) ||
            (ftype == 3 && (opcode & 0x07) == 0x06) ||
            (ftype == 3 && (opcode & 0x30) == 0x10))
        {
        }
        else
        {
            uint opc = opcode & 3;
            p1 = fops[opcode];
            if ((opcode & 0x3C) != 0x04)
                opc = ftype;
            p2 = fregString(rbuf[0 .. 4],"sd h"[opc],Rd);
            p3 = fregString(rbuf[4 .. 8],"sd h"[ftype],Rn);
        }
    }
    else

    // Floating-point compare https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#floatcmp
    if (field(ins, 30, 30) == 0 && field(ins, 28, 24) == 0x1E && field(ins,21,21) == 1 &&  field(ins, 13, 10) == 8)
    {
        url = "floatcmp";

        uint M       = field(ins,31,31);
        uint S       = field(ins,29,29);
        uint ftype   = field(ins,23,22);
        uint Rm      = field(ins,20,16);
        uint op      = field(ins,15,14);
        uint Rn      = field(ins, 9, 5);
        uint opcode2 = field(ins, 4, 0);

        if (M == 0 && S == 0)
        {
            p1 = opcode2 & 0x10 ? "fcmpe" : "fcmp";
            p2 =                    fregString(rbuf[0..4],"sd h"[ftype],Rn);
            p3 = (Rm == 0 && (opcode2 & 8)) ? "#0.0" : fregString(rbuf[4..8],"sd h"[ftype],Rm);
        }
    }

    // Floating-point immediate http://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#floatimm
    if (field(ins,31,24) == 0x1E && field(ins,21,21) == 1 && field(ins,12,10) == 4)
    {
        url = "floatimm";

        uint ftype  = field(ins,23,22);
        ubyte imm8  = cast(ubyte)field(ins,20,13);
        uint Rd     = field(ins, 4, 0);

        p1 = "fmov";
        p2 = fregString(rbuf[0..4],"sd h"[ftype],Rd);
        float f = decodeImm8ToFloat(imm8);
        p3 = doubletostring(f);
    }
    else

    // Floating-point conditional compare

    // Floating-point data-processing (2 source) https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#floatdp2
    if (field(ins, 30, 30) == 0 && field(ins, 28, 24) == 0x1E && field(ins,21,21) == 1 &&  field(ins, 11, 10) == 2)
    {
        url = "floatdp2";

        uint M      = field(ins,31,31);
        uint S      = field(ins,29,29);
        uint ftype  = field(ins,23,22);
        uint Rm     = field(ins,20,16);
        uint opcode = field(ins,15,12);
        uint Rn     = field(ins, 9, 5);
        uint Rd     = field(ins, 4, 0);

        static immutable string[9] fopsx = ["fmul", "fdiv","fadd","fsub","fmax","fmin","fmaxnm","fminnm","fnmul"];
        if (!M && !S && ftype != 2 && opcode <= 8)
        {
            p1 = fopsx[opcode];
            string s = "sd h";
            char prefix = s[ftype];
            p2 = fregString(rbuf[0 .. 4],prefix,Rd);
            p3 = fregString(rbuf[4 .. 8],prefix,Rn);
            p4 = fregString(rbuf[8 ..12],prefix,Rm);

            uint n = snprintf(buf.ptr, buf.length, "%s_float.html", p1.ptr);
            url2 = buf[0 .. n];
        }
    }

    // Floating-point conditional select https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#floatsel
    // Floating-point data-processing (3 source) https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#floatdp3
    }
    else

    /* ===================== Loads and Stores ============================
     * https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#ldst
     */
    if (field(ins,27,27) == 1 && field(ins,25,25) == 0)
    {
        url = "ldst";

    // Compare and swap pair https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#comswappr
    if (field(ins,31,31) == 0 && field(ins,29,23) == 0x10 && field(ins,21,21) == 1)
    {
        url = "comswappr";
    }
    else

    // Advanced SIMD load/store multiple structures https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asisdlse
    if (field(ins,31,31) == 0 && field(ins,29,23) == 0x18 && field(ins,21,16) == 0)
    {
        url = "asisdlse";
    }
    else

    // Advanced SIMD load/store multiple structures (post-indexed) https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asisdlsep
    // Advanced SIMD load/store single structure https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asisdlso
    // Advanced SIMD load/store single structure (post-indexed) https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#asisdlsop
    // RCW compare and swap https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#rcwcomswap
    // RCW compare and swap pair https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#rcwcomswappr
    // 128-bi atomic memory operations https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#memop_128
    // GCS load/store https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#ldst_gcs
    // Load/store memory tags https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#ldsttags
    // Load/store exclusive pair https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#ldstexclp
    // Load/store exclusive register https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#ldstexclr
    // Load/store ordered https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#ldstord
    // Compare and swap https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#comswap
    // LDIAPP/STILP https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#ldiappstilp
    // LDAPR/STLR (writeback) https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#ldapstl_writeback
    // LDAPR/STLR (unscaled immediate) https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#ldapstl_unscaled
    // LDAPR/STLR (SIMD&FP) https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#ldapstl_simd
    // Load register (literal) https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#loadlit
    // Memory Copy and Memory Set  https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#memcms

    // Load/store no-allocate pair (offset)    https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#ldstnapair_offs
    // Load/store register pair (post-indexed) https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#ldstpair_post
    // Load/store register pair (offset)       https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#ldstpair_off
    // Load/store register pair (pre-indexed)  https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#ldstpair_pre
    if (field(ins, 29, 27) == 5 && field(ins, 25, 25) == 0)
    {
        uint opc  = field(ins, 31, 30);
        uint VR   = field(ins, 26, 26);
        uint op24 = field(ins, 24, 23);
        uint L    = field(ins, 22, 22);
        uint imm7 = field(ins, 21, 15);
        uint Rt2  = field(ins, 14, 10);
        uint Rn   = field(ins,  9,  5);
        uint Rt   = field(ins,  4,  0);

        /* bits 24...23
         * 00: no-allocate pair (offset)
         * 01: register pair (post-indexed)
         * 10: register pair (offset)
         * 11: register pair (pre-indexed)
         */
        static immutable string[4] ldsts = ["ldstnapair_offs", "ldstpair_post", "ldstpair_off", "ldstpair_pre"];
        url = ldsts[op24];

        uint decode2(uint opc, uint VR, uint L) { return (opc << 2) | (VR << 1) | L; }

        switch (decode2(opc, VR, L))
        {
            case decode2(0,0,0):
            case decode2(0,1,0):
            case decode2(1,1,0):
            case decode2(2,0,0):
            case decode2(2,1,0): p1 = op24 == 0 ? "stnp" : "stp"; break;

            case decode2(0,0,1):
            case decode2(0,1,1):
            case decode2(1,1,1):
            case decode2(2,0,1):
            case decode2(2,1,1): p1 = op24 == 0 ? "ldnp" : "ldp"; break;

            case decode2(1,0,0): if (op24) p1 = "stgp"; break;
            case decode2(1,0,1): if (op24) p1 = "ldpsw"; break;
            default:
                break;
        }

        if (VR == 1) // SIMD&FP
        {
            char prefix = fpPrefix[opc + 2];
            p2 = fregString(buf[0..4],prefix,Rt);
            p3 = fregString(buf[4..8],prefix,Rt2);
        }
        else
        {
            p2 = regString(opc >> 1, Rt);
            p3 = regString(opc >> 1, Rt2);
        }
        uint offset = imm7;
        if (offset & 0x40)                        // bit 6 is sign bit
            offset |= 0xFFFF_FF80;                // sign extend
        offset *= (opc & 2) ? 8 : 4;              // scale
        p4 = eaString(op24, cast(ubyte)Rn, offset);
    }

    // Load/store register pair (unscaled immediate) https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#ldst_unscaled
    // Load/store register pair (immediate post-indexed) https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#ldst_immpost
    // Load/store register pair (unprivileged) https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#ldst_unpriv
    // Load/store register pair (immediate pre-indexed) https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#ldst_immpre
    // Atomic memory operations https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#memop
    // Load/store register (register offset) https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#ldst_regoff
    // Load/store register (pac) https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#ldst_pac

    // Load/store register (unsigned immediate)
    if (field(ins, 29, 27) == 7 && field(ins, 25, 24) == 1) // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/encodingindex.html#ldst_pos
    {
        url = "ldst_pos";

        uint size = field(ins, 31, 30);
        uint VR = field(ins, 26, 26);
        uint opc = field(ins, 23, 22);
        uint imm12 = field(ins, 21, 10);
        uint Rn = field(ins, 9, 5);
        uint Rt = field(ins, 4, 0);

        // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/str_imm_gen.html STR (immediate)
        // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/ldr_imm_gen.html LDR (immediate)

        uint ldr(uint size, uint VR, uint opc) { return (size << 3) | (VR << 2) | opc; }

        bool is64 = false;
        switch (ldr(size, VR, opc))
        {
            case ldr(0,0,0): p1 = "strb";  goto Lldr8;  // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/strb_imm.html
            case ldr(0,0,1): p1 = "ldrb";  goto Lldr8;
            Lldr8:
                p2 = regString(is64, Rt);
                p3 = eaString(0, cast(ubyte)Rn, imm12);
                break;

            case ldr(0,0,2): p1 = "ldrsb"; goto Lldr64;
            case ldr(0,0,3): p1 = "ldrsb"; goto Lldr;
            case ldr(1,0,0): p1 = "strh";  goto Lldr;
            case ldr(1,0,1): p1 = "ldrh";  goto Lldr;
            case ldr(1,0,2): p1 = "ldrsh"; goto Lldr64;
            case ldr(1,0,3): p1 = "ldrsh"; goto Lldr;
            case ldr(2,0,0): p1 = "str";   goto Lldr;
            case ldr(2,0,1): p1 = "ldr";   goto Lldr;
            case ldr(2,0,2): p1 = "ldrsw"; goto Lldrsw;
            case ldr(3,0,0): p1 = "str";   goto Lldr64;
            case ldr(3,0,1): p1 = "ldr";   goto Lldr64;
            //case ldr(3,0,2): p1 = "prfm";
            Lldrsw:
                p2 = regString(true, Rt);
                p3 = eaString(0, cast(ubyte)Rn, imm12 * 4);
                break;

            Lldr64:
                is64 = true;
            Lldr:
                p2 = regString(is64, Rt);
                p3 = eaString(0, cast(ubyte)Rn, imm12 * (is64 ? 8 : 4));
                break;

            case ldr(0,1,0): p1 = "str";  goto LsimdFp;
            case ldr(0,1,1): p1 = "ldr";  goto LsimdFp;
            case ldr(0,1,2): p1 = "str";  goto LsimdFp;
            case ldr(0,1,3): p1 = "ldr";  goto LsimdFp;
            case ldr(1,1,0): p1 = "str";  goto LsimdFp;
            case ldr(1,1,1): p1 = "ldr";  goto LsimdFp;
            case ldr(2,1,0): p1 = "str";  goto LsimdFp;
            case ldr(2,1,1): p1 = "ldr";  goto LsimdFp;
            case ldr(3,1,0): p1 = "str";  goto LsimdFp;
            case ldr(3,1,1): p1 = "ldr";  goto LsimdFp;
            LsimdFp:
                uint shift = size + ((opc & 2) << 1);
                p2 = fregString(buf[0..4], fpPrefix[shift], Rt);
                uint offset = imm12 << shift;
                p3 = eaString(0, cast(ubyte)Rn, offset);
                break;

            default:
                break;
        }
    }
    }
    //printf("%x\n", field(ins, 31, 25));
    //printf("p1: %s\n", p1);

    auto plen = 1 + p1.length;
    put(' ');
    puts(p1);
    if (p2.length > 0)
    {
        foreach (len1; p1.length .. 9)
        {
            ++plen;
            put(' ');
        }
        plen += 1 + s2.length;
        put(' ');
        puts(s2);
        if (p2[0] != ' ')
        {
            plen += p2.length;
            puts(p2);
        }
        if (p3.length > 0)
        {
            plen += sep.length + s3.length + p3.length;
            puts(sep);
            puts(s3);
            puts(p3);
            if (p4.length > 0)
            {
                plen += 1 + p4.length;
                put(',');
                puts(p4);
                if (p5.length > 0)
                {
                    plen += 1 + p5.length;
                    put(',');
                    puts(p5);
                    if (p6.length > 0)
                    {
                        plen += 1 + p6.length;
                        put(',');
                        puts(p6);
                        if (p7.length > 0)
                        {
                            plen += 1 + p7.length;
                            put(',');
                            puts(p7);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (bURL && url)
    {
        for (; plen < 29; ++plen)
            put(' ');
        puts(" // https://www.scs.stanford.edu/~zyedidia/arm64/");
        if (url2.length)
        {
            puts(url2);
            puts(".html");
        }
        else
        {
            puts("encodingindex.html#");
            puts(url);
        }
    }
}
}

/***********************
 * Default version.
 * Creates string representation of memory location.
 * Params:
 *      c = the address of the memory reference in `code[]`
 *      sz = the number of bytes in the referred to memory location
 *      offset =  the value to be added to any symbolic reference
 * Returns:
 *      string representation of the memory address
 */
@trusted
const(char)[] memoryDefault(uint c, uint sz, addr offset)
{
    __gshared char[12 + 1] EA;
    const n = snprintf(EA.ptr,EA.length,"[0%Xh]",offset);
    return EA[0 .. n];
}

/***********************
 * Default version.
 * Creates string representation of immediate value.
 * Params:
 *      code = the binary instructions
 *      c = the address of the memory reference in `code[]`
 *      sz = the number of bytes in the instruction that form the referenece (2/4/8)
 * Returns:
 *      string representation of the memory address
 */
@trusted
const(char)[] immed16Default(ubyte[] code, uint c, int sz)
{
    ulong offset;
    switch (sz)
    {
        case 8:
            offset = dword(code, c) + (cast(ulong)dword(code, c + 4) << 32);
            break;

        case 4:
            offset = dword(code, c);
            break;

        case 2:
            offset = word(code, c);
            break;

        default:
            assert(0);
    }
    __gshared char[1 + offset.sizeof * 3 + 1 + 1] buf;

    const n = snprintf(buf.ptr, buf.length,((cast(long)offset < 10) ? "%lld" : "0%llXh"), offset);
    return buf[0 .. n];
}

/***********************
 * Default version.
 * Creates string representation of code label.
 * Params:
 *      c = the address of the code reference to the label in `code[]`
 *      offset = address of the label in `code[]`
 *      farflag = if `far` reference
 *      is16bit = if 16 bit reference
 * Returns:
 *      string representation of the memory address
 */
@trusted
const(char)[] labelcodeDefault(uint c, uint offset, bool farflag, bool is16bit)
{
    //printf("offset = %x\n", offset);
    __gshared char[1 + uint.sizeof * 3 + 1] buf;
    const n = snprintf(buf.ptr, buf.length, "L%x", offset);
    return buf[0 .. n];
}

/***********************
 * Default version.
 * Params:
 *      pc = program counter
 *      offset = add to pc to get address of target
 * Returns:
 *      string representation of the memory address
 */
@trusted
const(char)[] shortlabelDefault(uint pc, int offset)
{
    __gshared char[1 + ulong.sizeof * 3 + 1] buf;
    const n = snprintf(buf.ptr, buf.length, "L%x", pc + offset);
    return buf[0 .. n];
}

/*****************************
 * Load word at code[c].
 */

uint word(ubyte[] code, uint c) @safe
{
    return code[c] + (code[c + 1] << 8);
}

/*****************************
 * Load dword at code[c].
 */

addr dword(ubyte[] code, uint c)
{
    return word(code, c) + (cast(addr) word(code, c + 2) << 16);
}

/*************************************
 */
@trusted
const(char)[] wordtostring(uint w)
{
    __gshared char[1 + 3 + w.sizeof * 3 + 1 + 1] EA;

    const n = snprintf(EA.ptr, EA.length, ((w < 10) ? "#%ld" : "#0x%lX"), w);
    return EA[0 .. n];
}

@trusted
const(char)[] wordtostring(ulong w)
{
    __gshared char[1 + 3 + w.sizeof * 3 + 1 + 1] EA;

    const n = snprintf(EA.ptr, EA.length, ((w < 10) ? "#%lld" : "#0x%llX"), w);
    return EA[0 .. n];
}

@trusted
const(char)[] wordtostring2(uint w)
{
    __gshared char[1 + 3 + w.sizeof * 3 + 1 + 1] EA;

    const n = snprintf(EA.ptr, EA.length, ((w < 10) ? "#%ld" : "#0x%lX"), w);
    return EA[0 .. n];
}

@trusted
const(char)[] signedWordtostring(int w)
{
    __gshared char[1 + 3 + 1 + w.sizeof * 3 + 1 + 1] EA;

    const n = snprintf(EA.ptr, EA.length, ((w <= 16) ? "#%d" : "#0x%X"), w);
    return EA[0 .. n];
}

@trusted
const(char)[] doubletostring(double d)
{
    __gshared char[1 + 20 + 1] EA;

    const n = snprintf(EA.ptr, EA.length, "#%e", d);
    return EA[0 .. n];
}

@trusted
const(char)[] labeltostring(ulong w)
{
    __gshared char[2 + w.sizeof * 3 + 1] EA;

    const n = snprintf(EA.ptr, EA.length, ((w < 10) ? "%lld" : "0x%llX"), w);
    assert(n <= EA.length);
    return EA[0 .. n];
}

@trusted
const(char)[] indexString(uint reg)
{
    __gshared char[1 + 3 + 1 + 1] EA;

    const n = snprintf(EA.ptr, EA.length, "[%s]", regString(1, reg).ptr);
    assert(n <= EA.length);
    return EA[0 .. n];
}



/*************************************
 * Compute string of an effective address for an indexed pointer
 * Params:
 *      op = 1 Post-index
 *           0,2 offset
 *           3 Pre-index
 *      Rn = index register
 *      offset = offset to be added
 * Returns:
 *      generated string
 */
@trusted
const(char)[] eaString(uint op, ubyte Rn, int offset)
{
    __gshared char[1 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 + offset.sizeof * 3 + 1 + 1] EA;

    const(char)[] p;
    switch (op)
    {
        case 1:
            if (offset)
            {
                uint n = snprintf(EA.ptr, cast(uint)EA.length, "[%s],%s", regString(1, Rn).ptr, signedWordtostring(offset).ptr);
                p = EA[0 .. n];
            }
            else
            {
                p = indexString(Rn);
            }
            break;

        case 0:
        case 2:
            if (offset)
            {
                uint n = snprintf(EA.ptr, cast(uint)EA.length, "[%s,%s]", regString(1, Rn).ptr, signedWordtostring(offset).ptr);
                p = EA[0 .. n];
            }
            else
            {
                p = indexString(Rn);
            }
            break;

        case 3:
            if (offset)
            {
                uint n = snprintf(EA.ptr, cast(uint)EA.length, "[%s,%s]!", regString(1, Rn).ptr, signedWordtostring(offset).ptr);
                p = EA[0 .. n];
            }
            else
            {
                uint n = snprintf(EA.ptr, cast(uint)EA.length, "[%s]!", regString(1, Rn).ptr);
                p = EA[0 .. n];
            }
            break;

        default: assert(0);
    }
    return p;
}

/***************************************
 */
pragma(inline, false)
const(char)[] regString(uint sf, uint reg) { return sf ? xregs[reg] : wregs[reg]; }

pragma(inline, false)
const(char)[] cregString(uint reg) { return cregs[reg]; }

immutable
{
    string[32] xregs      = [ "x0","x1","x2","x3","x4","x5","x6","x7",
                              "x8","x9","x10","x11","x12","x13","x14","x15",
                              "x16","x17","x18","x19","x20","x21","x22","x23",
                              "x24","x25","x26","x27","x28","x29","x30","sp" ];
    string[32] wregs      = [ "w0","w1","w2","w3","w4","w5","w6","w7",
                              "w8","w9","w10","w11","w12","w13","w14","w15",
                              "w16","w17","w18","w19","w20","w21","w22","w23",
                              "w24","w25","w26","w27","w28","w29","w30","wsp" ];
    string[32] cregs      = [ "c0","c1","c2","c3","c4","c5","c6","c7",
                              "c8","c9","c10","c11","c12","c13","c14","c15",
                              "c16","c17","c18","c19","c20","c21","c22","c23",
                              "c24","c25","c26","c27","c28","c29","c30","csp" ];
}

@trusted
pragma(inline, false)
const(char)[] fregString(char[] buf, char c, uint reg)
{
    uint n = snprintf(buf.ptr, cast(uint)buf.length, "%c%d", c, reg);
    return buf[0 .. n];
}

@trusted
pragma(inline, false)
const(char)[] vregString(char[] buf, uint Q, uint reg)
{
    uint n = snprintf(buf.ptr, cast(uint)buf.length, "v%d.%db", reg, 8 * (Q + 1));
    return buf[0 .. n];
}

/******************************
 * Extract fields from instruction in manner lifted from spec.
 * Params:
 *      opcode = opcode to extract field
 *      leftBit = leftmost bit number 31..0
 *      rightBit = rightmost bit number 31..0
 * Returns:
 *      extracted field
 */
public
uint field(uint opcode, uint end, uint start)
{
    assert(end < 32 && start < 32 && start <= end);
    //printf("%08x\n", (cast(uint)((cast(ulong)1 << (end + 1)) - 1) & opcode) >> start);
    return (cast(uint)((cast(ulong)1 << (end + 1)) - 1) & opcode) >> start;
}

unittest
{
    assert(field(0xFFFF_FFFF, 31, 31) == 1);
    assert(field(0xFFFF_FFFF, 31, 0) == 0xFFFF_FFFF);
    assert(field(0x0000_FFCF,  7, 4) == 0x0000_000C);
}

/**********************
 * Decode the encoding of bit masks
 * Params:
 *      N = 1 for 64, 0 for 32
 *      immr = immr field
 *      imms = imms field
 * Returns:
 *      decoded value, or 0 if cannot decode
 */
ulong decodeNImmrImms(uint N, uint immr, uint imms)
{
    uint size;
    uint length;
    if (N)
    {
        size = 64;
        length = imms & 0x3F;
        if (length == 0x3F)
            return 0; // cannot decode it
    }
    else
    {
        size = 32;
        uint mask = 0x1F;
        for (uint u = imms; u & 0x20; u <<= 1)
        {
            size >>= 1;
            mask >>= 1;
        }
        length = imms & mask;
    }
    if (immr >= size)
        return 0;       // cannot decode it
    ulong pattern = (1L << (length + 1)) - 1;
    pattern = (pattern >> immr) | (pattern << size - immr); // rotate right
    ulong result = 0;
    foreach (i; 0 .. 64 / size)
    {
        result |= pattern << (i * size);
    }
    if (!N)
        result &= 0xFFFF_FFFF;

    return result;
}

unittest
{
    assert(decodeNImmrImms(0,   0,0x3C) == 0x5555_5555);
    assert(decodeNImmrImms(0,0x0D,0x21) == 0x0018_0018);
    assert(decodeNImmrImms(0,0x02,0x28) == 0xC07F_C07F);
    assert(decodeNImmrImms(0,0x0A,0x2E) == 0xFFDF_FFDF);

    assert(decodeNImmrImms(0,0x00,0x1E) == 0x7FFF_FFFF);
    assert(decodeNImmrImms(0,0x1F,0x1E) == 0xFFFF_FFFE);
    assert(decodeNImmrImms(1,   0,   0) == 0x0000_0000_0000_0001);
    assert(decodeNImmrImms(1,   1,0x00) == 0x8000_0000_0000_0000);
}


/***********************************************
 * Convert the imm8 bit pattern into a floating point value.
 * Params:
 *      imm8 = 8 bit encoding
 * Returns:
 *      result as float
 */
float decodeImm8ToFloat(ubyte imm8)
{
    uint sign     = (imm8 & 0x80) ? 1 : 0;
    uint exponent = (imm8 & 0x70) >> 4;
    uint fraction =  imm8 & 0x0F;

    //debug printf("sign: %d exponent %d fraction %d\n", sign, exponent, fraction);

    uint bit6 = exponent >> 2;
    uint notbit6 = bit6 ^ 1;


    union U
    {
        uint ui;
        float f;
    }
    U u;

    uint expf = (notbit6 << 7) |
                (bit6 ? 0x7C : 0) |
                (exponent & 3);
    u.ui = (sign << 31) |
           (expf << 23) |
           (fraction << 19);
    return u.f;
}

unittest
{
    assert(decodeImm8ToFloat(0x00) == 2.0);
    assert(decodeImm8ToFloat(0x08) == 3.0);
    assert(decodeImm8ToFloat(0x10) == 4.0);
    assert(decodeImm8ToFloat(0x14) == 5.0);
    assert(decodeImm8ToFloat(0x18) == 6.0);
    assert(decodeImm8ToFloat(0x1C) == 7.0);
    assert(decodeImm8ToFloat(0x20) == 8.0);
    assert(decodeImm8ToFloat(0x70) == 1.0);
    assert(decodeImm8ToFloat(0x88) == -3.0);
    assert(decodeImm8ToFloat(0xE0) == -0.5);
    assert(decodeImm8ToFloat(0xFF) == -1.9375);

    static if (0) // print all cases
    foreach (imm; 0 .. 128)
    {
        ubyte imm8 = cast(ubyte)imm;
        float f = decodeImm8ToFloat(imm8);
        debug printf("imm8: x%02x d: %g\n", imm8, f);
    }
}

/***************************************
 * Is double encodable into 8 bits?
 * Params:
 *      d = double to encode
 *      imm8 = result if successful
 * Returns:
 *      true for success
 */
public
bool encodeHFD(double d, out ubyte imm8)
{
    float f = d;
    if (f != d)
    {
        return false;   // must not lose bits
    }

    union U
    {
        uint ui;
        float f;
    }

    U u;
    u.f = f;
    uint ui = u.ui;

    if (ui & ((1 << 19) - 1))   // these significand bits should be 0
    {
        return false;
    }
    ubyte result = (ui >> 19) & 0x0F;   // the fraction part

    if (ui & 0x8000_0000)
        result |= 0x80;                 // the sign

    uint bit6 = ui & (1 << (7 + 23));
    if (bit6)
    {
        if (ui & (0x1F << (2 + 23)))
        {
            return false;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        if ((ui & (0x1F << (2 + 23))) != (0x1F << (2 + 23)))
        {
            return false;
        }
        result |= 0x40;
    }
    result |= ((ui >> 23) & 3) << 4; // bits 4 and 5 of exponent
    imm8 = result;
    return true;
}

unittest
{
    ubyte imm8;

    assert(encodeHFD(2.0, imm8)); assert(imm8 == 0x00);
    assert(encodeHFD(3.0, imm8)); assert(imm8 == 0x08);
    assert(encodeHFD(4.0, imm8)); assert(imm8 == 0x10);
    assert(encodeHFD(5.0, imm8)); assert(imm8 == 0x14);
    assert(encodeHFD(6.0, imm8)); assert(imm8 == 0x18);
    assert(encodeHFD(7.0, imm8)); assert(imm8 == 0x1C);
    assert(encodeHFD(8.0, imm8)); assert(imm8 == 0x20);
    assert(encodeHFD(1.0, imm8)); assert(imm8 == 0x70);
    assert(encodeHFD(-3.0, imm8)); assert(imm8 == 0x88);
    assert(encodeHFD(-0.5, imm8)); assert(imm8 == 0xE0);
    assert(encodeHFD(-1.9375, imm8)); assert(imm8 == 0xFF);
}

/************************************* Tests ***********************************/

unittest
{
    int line64 = __LINE__;
    string[83] cases64 =      // 64 bit code gen
    [
        "6F 00 E4 01         movi   v1.2d,#0x0",
        "9E AF 00 3E         fmov   v30.d[1],x1",
        "4E BE 1F C0         mov    v0.16b,v30.16b",
        "D4 20 00 20         brk    #1",
        "D6 3F 00 00         blr    x0",
        "1E 21 43 FF         fneg   s31,s31",
        "1E 3F 23 D0         fcmpe  s30,s31",
        "1E 62 00 1F         scvtf  d31,w0",
        "1E 63 00 1F         ucvtf  d31,w0",
        "5E E1 BB FE         fcvtzs d30,d31",
        "5E A1 BB FF         fcvtzs s31,s31",
        "1E 78 03 E0         fcvtzs w0,d31",
        "7E E1 BB FE         fcvtzu d30,d31",
        "7E A1 BB FF         fcvtzu s31,s31",
        "1E 79 03 E0         fcvtzu w0,d31",
        "0E 31 BB FF         addv   b31,v31.8b",
        "2E 30 38 00         uaddlv h0,v0.8b",
        "0E 20 58 00         cnt    v0.8b,v0.8b",
        "1E 27 01 00         fmov   s0,w8",
        "1E 26 00 00         fmov   w0,s0",
        "1E 23 90 07         fmov  s7,#7.000000e+00",
        "1E 61 10 03         fmov  d3,#3.000000e+00",
        "1E 20 43 E0         fmov  s0,s31",
        "9E 66 03 E0         fmov  x0,d31",
        "1E 22 C3 FE         fcvt  d30,s31",
        "1E 7F 3B DF         fsub  d31,d30,d31",

        "FD 00 0F E4         str   d4,[sp,#0x18]",
        "BD 40 43 FF         ldr   s31,[sp,#0x40]",
        "92 40 3C A0         and   x0,x5,#0xFFFF",
        "92 40 1C C0         and   x0,x6,#0xFF",
        "12 00 3C 00         and   w0,w0,#0xFFFF",
        "93 40 7C 60         sxtw  x0,w3",
        "B9 00 03 A1         str   w1,[x29]",
        "1A 9F A7 E0         cset  w0,lt",
        "91 40 00 00         add   x0,x0,#0,lsl #12",
        "D5 3B D0 40         mrs   x0,S3_3_c13_c0_2",
        "A8 C1 7B FD         ldp   x29,x30,[sp],#16",
        "90 00 00 00         adrp  x0,#0",
        "A9 01 7B FD         stp   x29,x30,[sp,#16]",
        "A9 41 7B FD         ldp   x29,x30,[sp,#16]",
        "B9 40 0B E0         ldr   w0,[sp,#8]",
        "F9 00 5F E3         str   x3,[sp,#0xB8]",

        "39 C0 00 20         ldrsb w0,[x1]",
        "39 40 00 20         ldrb  w0,[x1]",
        "79 C0 00 20         ldrsh w0,[x1]",
        "79 40 00 20         ldrh  w0,[x1]",
        "B9 40 00 20         ldr   w0,[x1]",

        "39 80 00 20         ldrsb x0,[x1]",
        "79 80 00 20         ldrsh x0,[x1]",
        "B9 80 00 20         ldrsw x0,[x1]",
        "F9 40 00 20         ldr   x0,[x1]",

        "B2 50 AF E0         mov  x0,#0xFFFF00000FFFFFFF",
        "EB 03 08 9F         cmp  x4,x3,lsl #2",
        "F1 00 08 7F         cmp  x3,#2",
        "91 00 0C 00         add  x0,x0,#3",
        "9A C1 28 02         asr  x2,x0,x1",
        "93 43 FC 01         asr  x1,x0,#3",
        "93 C1 0C 03         extr x3,x0,x1,#3",
        "13 81 0C 03         extr w3,w0,w1,#3",
        "D3 7D F0 01         lsl  x1,x0,#3",
        "9A C1 20 02         lsl  x2,x0,x1",
        "9A C1 24 02         lsr  x2,x0,x1",
        "D3 43 FC 01         lsr  x1,x0,#3",
        "D2 80 01 C0         mov  x0,#0xE",
        "92 80 01 A1         mov  x1,#0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF2",
        "D2 80 02 02         mov  x2,#0x10",
        "D2 80 01 C3         mov  x3,#0xE",
        "D2 80 07 04         mov  x4,#0x38",
        "9A C1 2C 02         ror  x2,x0,x1",
        "93 C0 0C 01         ror  x1,x0,#3",
        "93 C0 0C 03         ror  x3,x0,#3",
        "D6 5F 03 C0         ret",
        "D6 5F 0B FF         retaa",
        "D6 5F 0F FF         retab",
        "D6 5F 0B F3         retaasppc x19",
        "D6 5F 0F F4         retabsppc x20",
        "13 14 3C 24         sbfiz w4,w1,#0xC,#0x10",
        "13 00 1C 24         sxtb w4,w1",
        "13 00 3C 24         sxth w4,w1",
        "D2 9B DE 00         mov  x0,#0xDEF0",
        "F2 B3 57 80         movk x0,#0x9ABC,lsl #16",
        "F2 CA CF 00         movk x0,#0x5678,lsl #32",
        "F2 E2 46 80         movk x0,#0x1234,lsl #48",
    ];

    char[BUFMAX] buf;
    ubyte[BUFMAX] buf2;
    bool errors;

    void testcase(int line, string s, uint size)
    {
        //printf("testcase(line %d s: '%.*s'\n", cast(int)line, cast(int)s.length, s.ptr);
        auto codput = Output!ubyte(buf2[]);
        size_t j;
        ubyte[] code = hexToUbytes(codput, j, s);

        if (code.length != 4)
        {
            debug printf("Fail%d: %d hex code must be 4 bytes was %d\n",
                size, cast(int)(line + 2), cast(int)code.length);
            errors = true;
            return;
        }
        // Reverse code[]
        ubyte c = code[0]; code[0] = code[3]; code[3] = c;
              c = code[1]; code[1] = code[2]; code[2] = c;

        string expected = s[j .. $];

        addr m;
        auto length = calccodsize(code, 0, m, size);
        assert(length == 4);

        auto output = Output!char(buf[]);
        getopstring(&output.put, code, 0, length,
                size, 0, 0, 0, null, null, null, null);
        auto result = output.peek();

        static bool compareEqual(const(char)[] result, const(char)[] expected)
        {
            size_t r, e;
            while (1)
            {
                while (r < result.length && (result[r] == ' ' || result[r] == '\t'))
                    ++r;
                while (e < expected.length && (expected[e] == ' ' || expected[e] == '\t'))
                    ++e;

                if ((r == result.length) != (e == expected.length))
                    return false;

                if (r == result.length)
                    return true;

                if (result[r] != expected[e])
                    return false;

                ++r;
                ++e;
            }
        }

        if (!compareEqual(result, expected))
        {
            debug printf("Fail%d: %d expected '%.*s' got '%.*s'\n",
                size, cast(int)(line + 2),
                cast(int)expected.length, expected.ptr, cast(int)result.length, result.ptr);
            errors = true;
        }
    }

    foreach (i; 0 .. cases64.length)
        testcase(line64, cases64[i], 64);

    assert(!errors);
}

version (unittest)
    version = Extra;
version (StandAlone)
    version = Extra;

version (Extra)
{

/**********************
 * Converts hex string prefix in `s` in test cases to ubyte[]
 * Params:
 *      output = where to write the ubyte's
 *      m = index of start of expected result
 *      s = ascii source
 * Returns:
 *      converted ubyte[]
 */
ubyte[] hexToUbytes(ref Output!ubyte output, out size_t m, string s)
{
    uint n = 0;
    ubyte v = 0;

  Loop:
    foreach (i, cc; s)
    {
        m = i;
        char c = cc;
        switch (c)
        {
            case ' ':
            case '\t':
            case '\v':
            case '\f':
            case '\r':
            case '\n':
                continue;                       // skip white space

            case 0:
            case 0x1A:
                debug printf("unterminated string constant at %d\n", cast(int)i);
                assert(0);

            case '0': .. case '9':
                c -= '0';
                break;

            case 'A': .. case 'F':
                c -= 'A' - 10;
                break;

        version (StandAlone)
        {
            case 'a': .. case 'f':
                c -= 'a' - 10;
                break;
        }

            default:
                break Loop;
        }
        if (n & 1)
        {
            v = cast(ubyte)((v << 4) | c);
            output.put(v);
            v = 0;
        }
        else
            v = c;
        ++n;
    }
    if (n & 1)
    {
        debug printf("unterminated string constant\n");
        assert(0);
    }
    return output.peek;
}

struct Output(T)
{
  nothrow @nogc:

    T[] buf;
    size_t i;

    void put(T c)
    {
        buf[i] = c;
        ++i;
    }

    void initialize(T[] buf)
    {
        this.buf = buf;
        i = 0;
    }

    T[] peek()
    {
        return buf[0 .. i];
    }
}

}

version (StandAlone)
{
@trusted
int main(string[] args)
{
    if (args.length != 2 || args[1].length != 8)
    {
        printf(
"AArch64 Disassembler
Usage:
    disasmarm XXXXXXXX

    XXXXXXXX = 32 bit number in hex representing an AArch64 instruction
");
        return 1;
    }
    ubyte[4] buf2;
    auto codput = Output!ubyte(buf2[]);
    size_t m;
    ubyte[] code = hexToUbytes(codput, m, args[1]);

    // Reverse code[]
    ubyte c = code[0]; code[0] = code[3]; code[3] = c;
          c = code[1]; code[1] = code[2]; code[2] = c;

    char[BUFMAX] buf;
    auto output = Output!char(buf[]);
    getopstring(&output.put, code, 0, 4,
            64, 0, true, true, null, null, null, null);
    auto result = output.peek();

    printf("%.*s\n", cast(int)result.length, result.ptr);

    return 0;
}
}
